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Ap gov bureaucracy vocab flashcard

bureaucracyan organization characterized by hierarchal structure, worker specialization, explicit rules, and advancement by meritneutral competencethe principle that bureaucracy should be depoliticized by making it more professionalspoils systemthe 19th century practice of rewarding political supporters with public officepatronagesystem in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favorscivil servicenonmilitary employees of the government who are appointed through the merit systemPendleton Act1883 civil service reform that required the hiring and promoting of civil servants to be based on merit, not patronageHatch Act1939 law limiting the political involvement of civil servants in order to protect them from political pressure and keep politics out of the bureaucracyaccountabilitythe principle that bureaucratic employees should be answerable for their performance to supervisors, all the way up to the chain of commandred tapethe complex procedures and regulations surrounding bureaucratic activityclientele groupsgroups of citizens whose interests are affected by an agency or department and who work to influence its policiesdepartmentsone of the major subdivisions of the federal government, represented in the president’s cabinetindependent agenciesgovernment organizations independent of the departments but with a narrower policy focusindependent regulatory boards and commissionsgovernment organizations that regulate various businesses, industries, or economic sectorsregulationslimitations or restrictions on the activities of a business or individualgovernment corporationscompanies created by Congress to provide to the public a good or service that private enterprise cannot or will not profitably providebureaucratic discretionbureaucrats’ use of their own judgement in interpreting and carrying out the laws of CongressFederal Registerpublication containing all federal regulations and notifications of regulatory agency hearingsbureaucratic culturethe accepted values and procedures of an organizationbureaucratesethe often unintelligible language used by bureaucrats to avoid controversy and lend weight to their wordswhistle blowersindividuals who publicize instances of fraud, corruption, or other wrongdoing in the bureaucracyagency captureprocess whereby regulatory agencies come to be protective of and influenced by the industries they were established to regulateiron trianglesthe phenomenon of a clientele group, congressional committee, and bureaucratic agencies cooperating to make mutually beneficial policyissue networkscomplex systems of relationships between groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutescitizen advisory councila citizen group that considers the policy decisions of an agency; a way to make the bureaucratic policymaking to the publicFreedom of Information Act (FOIA)1966 law that allows citizens to obtain copies of most public recordsPrivacy Act of 1974a law that gives citizens access to the government’s files on them

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