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Anth: chapter 2

Symbolyou arrive at a red, 8 sided sign when driving your car, and know that the sign is suggesting that you stopmental map of realitysome, but not all, cultures participate in daylight savings time ONANTH: CHAPTER 2 SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Nownormthere are rules governing when to kiss someonevaluefreedom of religion is a cornerstone of american societymental map of realityAdvances in transportation technology via seafaring allowed Europeans to travel farther and faster, thus seeing more of the diversity of the world’s people. This resulted in the creation of the concept of different ” races” of humans. This concept of race as signifying human difference is best described by which term? cultural normAmericans tend to drive on the right side of the road. This is an example of a: cosmopolitanismBernice spends time each day reading online news reports from several different news agencies around the world. As a result, she becomes aware of multiple ideas and perspectives, incorporating these into her own outlook and actions. This is an example of which of the following terms? EthnocentrismBertha likes to eat dinner at 5 p. m. She travels to Italy and decides she doesn’t like the country because restaurants tend to open for dinner at 7 p. m. or later. Bertha is practicing: ExogamyBertram marries someone from outside his cultural group. Which anthropological term best applies to this situation? cultural valuesContemporary debates about privacy in American society post 9/11 are fundamentally debates about which of the following? unique among animal speciesCulture is something that is shared and learned, traits that arehistorical particularismFranz Boas believed that cultures develop in different ways because of the unique and complex sets of issues and situations that members of the cultural group face over time. This way of understanding cultural differences came to be known as: agencySocieties are not omnipotent. Individuals within a society do have the ability to challenge existing norms and values, and to effect change in the mental maps of reality and the structures of power. This is known asglobal outlook we call cosmopolitanismThe appearance of McDonald’s in China and the way that it homogenizes Chinese culture, the influx of Mexican refugees in southern California, and the degree to which Mexican culture itself impinges on the cultural landscape of southern California are both easily observed effects of globalization, and both help to foster asuspend judgment and consider Muslims in their own cultural contextThe attacks of 9/11 led to serious problems in American-Muslim relations, even among those Muslims who were born and raised in America. In any balanced attempt to examine the motives for the attacks, it is necessary to practice cultural relativism, which demands that wenatureThe belief that cultural patterns are determined by our genetic makeup is best described using which term? structural functionalismThe belief that culture is held together by a series of important elements such as economy, education, religion, kinship, and politics that all serve to maintain societal equilibrium is known as: cultural symbolThe handshake as a form of greeting in the United States is an example of a: unilineal cultural evolutionThe suggestion that all cultures progress through a similar set of stages is no longer accepted in contemporary anthropology. This theory was known as: stratificationThere is evidence that minority residents of Anytown have reduced access to resources such as strong schools, libraries, and recreational centers than their majority counterparts. This is an example of: influenceWe often consider the idea of power as being the ability to change using direct force. It can also mean, however, that we exert ____ to effect change? enculturationWhich of the following terms refers to the process of learning culture? the interpretivist approachWhich of the following theoretical perspectives sees culture as a symbolic system of deep meaning? hegemonyWhile material power such as coercion and brute force were tools used by the Nazi regime, the creation of cultural agreement about the supposed dangers of populations such as the Jews, Roma, and others was what ultimately allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place. This cultural agreement is known as: the fans share a set of beliefs and behaviors about their teamWhy might an anthropologist consider the fans of a sports team a culture? agencyThe potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power. structural functionalismA conceptual framework positing that each element of society serves a particular function to keep the entire system in equilibrium. hegemonyThe ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force. stratificationThe uneven distribution of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture. cultureA system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, and shared by a group of people. cosmopolitanisma global outlook emerging in response to increasing globalizationenculturationThe process of learning culture. unilineal cultural evolutionThe theory proposed by nineteenth-century anthropologists that all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex. normsIdeas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people. symbolAnything that signifies something else. historical particularismThe idea, attributed to Franz Boas, that cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique histories. mental maps of realityCultural classifications of what kinds of people and things exist, and the assignment of meaning to those classifications. interpretivist approachA conceptual framework that sees culture primarily as a symbolic system of deep meaning. powerThe ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence. thick descriptionA research strategy that combines detailed description of cultural activity with an analysis of the layers of deep cultural meaning in which those activities are embedded. valuesFundamental beliefs about what is important, true, or beautiful, and what makes a good life.

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