Answering history questions

I. Objective ___d_____ Select the correct answer a. Both fascism and communism share all the same assumptions about human nature b. both are characterized by an emphasis on the state as an end unto itself c. both emphasize class struggles as driving history d. fascism emphasizes the role of the state as an end, while communism advocates class struggles to advance history through a dictatorship of the proletariat.
2. What port city was crucial for the Allies to take to open supply lines (Hitler’s target in Autumn Mist); it was ______ Antwerp
3. Who was the US general who allowed German soldiers to escape further north in Italy because of his personal ambition to capture Rome? General Mark Clark
4. The Canadian First troops succeeded in clearing out the Scheldt Estuary by November 9, permitting the Allies to use the port facilities at Antwerp.
5. In late 1944, Prime Minister Winston Churchill traveled to Moscow to meet with Stalin; the two leaders adopted the Percentages Agreement whereby they divided the Balkan region into spheres of influence. The Soviets would dominate Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania; Britain would control Greece; Yugoslavia would be shared by both countries. The country which was NOT mentioned at all in the bargain was Finland, of vital importance to Stalin. (3pts)
6. By early November, 1944, the Red Army, after victories in Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, reached the gates of Budapest, Hungary. Hungarian and German troops mounted a savage defense of the city; capitulation came in February 1945. (3pts)
7. ___(C)_____ Select the letter which represents the accurate chronology?(a. Failed coup against Hitler , Soviet recognition of the Polish “ Lublin” or communist government , Allied capture of Cherbourg, Allied capture of Rome, Operation Overlord b. Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Allied Capture of Rome, Operation Overlord, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish “ Lublin” or communist government c. Operation Overlord , Allied Capture of Cherbourg , Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of Polish “ Lublin” or communist government d. Allied capture of Rome , Operation Overlord, Allied Capture of Cherbourg, Failed coup against Hitler, Soviet recognition of the Polish “ Lublin” or communist government.
II. Short Essay select one (A or B)
A. Who came up with the idea of Operation Market Garden, for what reason(s) and why did it fail? And with what consequences? Write on the back or separate page (9 points)
The idea of Operation Market Garden was brought up by Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, who was in charge of the twenty one, Army Group B.
The airborne operation emerged mainly as a result of the 1944 operation overlord’s success, as well as the consequent Battle of Normandy. The worsening of the allied supply phenomenon and the increasing rivalries and conflicts during the time, called for the formation of an airborne solution. A number of reasons can be attributed to the failure of the Operation Market garden. Such reasons include poor planning, lack of proper and sufficient machinery, lack of enough aircrafts, errors in decision making, the destruction of the railway-bridge, harsh weather conditions, technical problems that, for example, resulted into poor communication, and generally, the overly optimistic mind-set of the Germans being already defeated. The errors in decision making or judgment greatly contributed to the victory of the Germans, who formed the Battle of the Bulge, as a counter attack action, to the Operation Market Garden’s decision to have Bradley dispatch the 1st United States Army towards the north as well as stop Patton. The Market Garden instead called for the 9th Army to be responsible for the XIX Corps at the boundary together with the twenty first Army Group. this in turn meant that, the United States First Army only had 2 army corps; one in the region of Aachen, and the other in Ardennes. The Germans in turn took advantage of this plan and decision to defeat the Market Garden (Badsey, 36-74).
III. Essays: Answer all 3
A. Should argue that 1942 represented the turning point in the East (Soviet-German war on the Eastern Front); some say 1943; some say 1944 represented the “ point of no return” for German forces in the Eastern Front. Type your answer—minimum of 2 pages, single spaced (30 points)
B. Why were Patton and Montgomery rivals, 1943-1945? Do you think Patton or Montgomery contributed most to the Allied successes in the West and why? (20 points) minimum 1 page, single-spaced
C. Discuss the roles of Churchill, FDR and Stalin at the Yalta Conference (20 pts); minimum of 1 page, typed, single-spaced
Work Cited
Badsey, Stephen. Arnhem 1944: Operation Market Garden. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1993.