An analysis of the relationship between class size and academic performance of students

AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLASS SIZE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS BY OMOTERE ADUNOLA N. C. E., B. Ed, M. Ed (in view) Published Online By: EgoBooster Books www. omotere. tk © 2013 Omotere Adunola ISBN: 978-1-105-40587-8 Published Online By: EgoBooster Books, Ogun State, Nigeria. All rights reserved. Identification No: 45 File No: 201316219 Project Classification: Education. This research project is right protected. You do not have the right to modify the content, copy or reprint it. Any attempt to reproduce this book by any means (photocopy or storage in CDs) is prohibited. Student researchers using/citing this project should acknowledge it at their footnotes, endnotes, bibliography or references. Students are advised to carry out original researches as works prepared by Omotere Tope have not undergone serious academic supervision but were meant for commercial purposes. www. omotere. tk Head Office: EgoBooster, Shop 5, Kikelomo Shopping Complex, Ojuri B/S, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State. NIGERIA: INTERNATIONAL: EMAIL: 08077447220, 08074472654 +234 807 744 7220 omoteretope@gmail. com 2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLASS SIZE AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS ABSTRACT The relationship between class size and academic performance has been a perplexing one for educators. Although, several scholars have proposed various factors responsible for the poor performance of students, few research have been dedicated to the correlation between class size and academic achievement of students. This study therefore examines the relationship between class size and academic performance of students using some selected secondary schools in Agege Local Government area of Lagos State as case study. Four null hypotheses were raised and analysed using the simple percentage statistical analysis. Based on the findings, it was discovered that large class size negatively affects students’ academic performance. The study recommends that a national policy on teacherstudent ratio should be implemented. More qualified teachers should be employed and workshops should be organized for already employed ones. More classrooms should be built with up-to-date facilities and improve on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) that would aid the teaching-learning process. 3 TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 1. 8 Background To The Study Statement Of The Problem Objectives Of The Study Research Question Research Hypotheses Scope Of The Study Significance Of The Study Definition Of Terms. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 Concept of Class Size and Academic Performance Correlation Between Class Size and Effective Learning Effects of Over Population of Students on Academic Performance of Students in Nigerian Schools Impact of School Population on Teachers’ and School Resources Appraisal of Literature 4 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 Research Design Population Of The Study Sample And Sampling Technique Instrument Of Data Collection Procedure Of Administration Method Of Data Analysis CHAPTER FOUR DATA ANALYSIS CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES 5 PROJECT PROPOSAL 1. 1 Background to the Study The relationship between class size and academic performance has been a perplexing one for educators. Studies have found that the physical environment, class overcrowding, and teaching methods are all variables that affect students’ achievement (Molnar, et al., 2000). Other factors that affect student achievement are school population and class size (Gentry, 2000; and Swift, 2000). The issue of poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to all and sundry. The problem is so much that it has led to the decline in standard of education. Since the academic success of students depends largely on the school environment, it is imperative to examine the impact variables of class size and school population on the academic performance of students in secondary school. Large class size and over populated schools have direct impact of the quality of teaching and instruction delivery. Overcrowded classrooms have increased the possibilities for mass failure and make students to lose interest in school. This is because large class size do not 6 allow individual student to get attention from teachers which invariably lead to low reading scores, frustration and poor academic performance. In order to better understand the skill levels of students, it might be necessary to evaluate factors affecting their performance. These factors can include: school structure and organization, teacher quality, curriculum, and teaching philosophies (Driscoll, Halcoussis, & Svorny, 2003). The idea that school population and class size might affect student performance is consistent with the growing literature on the relationship between public sector institutional arrangements and outcomes (Moe, 1984). The purpose of this study is to further examine the relationship of class size, school population and student academic achievement 1. 2 Statement of the Problem The performance of secondary school students in NECO, WAEC and JAMB calls for proper investigation. Although, several scholars have proposed various factors responsible for the poor performance of students, few research have been dedicated to the correlation between class size, school population and academic achievement of students. This study 7 therefore looks at how class size affect students’ academic performance in secondary schools. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study The general purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between class size and student achievement using some selected secondary schools in Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State as case study. The specific objectives are to: i. Examine the relationship between class size and academic performance of students ii. Examine the relationship between school population and academic performance of students iii. Discuss the effects of over-population on classroom management iv. Analyse the impact of over-population on school resources and facilities 1. 4 i. Research Questions Is there any correlation between class size and academic performance of students? 8 ii. Is there any relationship between school population and academic performance of students? iii. Is there any relationship between over population and classroom management? iv. Is there any relationship between over population and school resources/ facilities? 1. 5 Ho1 Research Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between class size and academic performance of students Ho2 There is no significant relationship between school population and academic performance of students Ho3 There is no significant relationship between over population and classroom management Ho4 There is no significant relationship between over population and school resources/ facilities 9 1. 6 Scope of the Study This research work focuses on the relationship between class size and student achievement using some selected secondary schools in Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State as case study. This research work covers all public secondary schools students in Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State. However, four public secondary schools will be used as case study. 1. 7 Significance of the Study This study is important for several reasons. First, the findings will help teachers to identify the reasons for the academic performance of students in large classes with high population and how they can address the problems; Second, it will provide comprehensive information for educational planners, educators, and parents on how they can assist students to cope in large classes; 10 Third, this research work will lead to further in-depth study on the impact of class size and school population on the academic performance of students in Nigeria; Lastly, it will serve as a contribution to knowledge in the subject area. In this regard, it will be useful for other researchers who might want to carry out research in related areas 1. 8 Research Methodology A descriptive research design will be use in carrying out this study. The sample for this study constitutes one hundred (100) respondents. For this research work, random sampling technique will be used. This study will be restricted to the categories of teachers and students the researcher considered essentially relevant to issues being investigated. Simple percentage statistical analysis will be used for the study. 1. 9 Definition of Terms Academic Achievement — Knowledge attained or skills developed in school subjects by test scores. 11 Secondary school (also ” high school”) is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place. It follows elementary or primary education, and may be followed by university (tertiary) education. Overpopulation: This is when the number of students in a particular class exceeds the standard of student-teacher ratio of 1: 30. 12 BUY THE COMPLETE PROJECT CALL 08077447220 08074472654 +2348077447220 PRICE NIGERIA: N4000 INTERNATIONAL: $50 PAYMENT OPTIONS NIGERIA Cash Deposit OFFICE 5, Kikelomo Complex, Ijagun, IjebuOde, Ogun State, Nigeria. NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Guaranty Trust Bank Account Name: Omotere Tope Account No: 0050329679 AMOUNT: N4000 Bank: EcoBank Account Name: Omotere Tope Account No: 0060864261 AMOUNT: N4000 NIGERIA Cash Deposit Bank: Access Bank Account Name: Omotere Tope Account No: 0037853426 AMOUNT: N4000 After payment, send your email address, name used for payment and title of the project to 08077447220 or 08074472654 or omoteretope@gmail. com 13 Projects are sent within 15 minutes of payment. 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