A case study on oral reading fluency thesis

Africans do not have the incentives to invest and save, their politicians are more concerned on power retention games and do not have incentives that can deliver solutions to the economic problems of their masses. Sub-Saharan Africa is not naturally poor it was made poor by its political and economic institutions. Historically. Societies did not have the types of associations that are required for modern economic evolution. Although some societies had some elements of good institutes for a long time, growth and economic revolution arose when institutional transition took place. Compared to the events that followed in Eurasia, the formations of states in Africa were delayed, and the state institutions were intensely absolute and patrimonial. Those establishments interacted in perverse ways with a series of other shocks that hit Africa, shocks like the slave trade in the early modern period and the colonialism in the 19th century. African nations emerged at independence with complex path that had dependent set of organizations that that were worse than those what they had at the time of colonization. It was these factors that precipitated totalitarianism, sustained economic degeneration and reinforced the insufficiency as it is today in Africa. Dual economy is a setting where there are dual structures that are divided into the traditional sector and a modern sector. The contemporary segment corresponds to the advanced part of the economy, and it is associated with urban life, use of the advanced technology and the modern industry. The traditional sector is associated with rural life, agricultural activities and the backward technologies and traditions. Today the African citizens have inefficient interlocking political and economic incentives. They have poorly organized markets that are served by deplorable infrastructure, they have weak states and political systems, and they have got weak legislation that do not secure the property rights. The continual dual economy paradigm is still part of the problem that ails the less developed economies in Africa.