United states history

United States History Advanced Placement Review Test #5 – The Age of Jackson 1824-1848 Directions: Read each question. Discuss the possible answers and choose the best one from the available options. You may consult your textbook, or any suitable reference book, to help you determine the solution. Mark the Scantron and submit it for grading at the end of the class period. (Note* Do not leave any answer blank.) United States History Advanced Placement-2 Jacksonian Democracy; 1828-1848 1. A 2. E 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. E 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. E 26. E 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. E 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. A 1. The charge of a “ corrupt bargain” was raised when: a. Clay supported Adams for the presidency and was appointed Secretary of State. b. Jackson promised to reward his supporters if he won. c. Adams won the support of southern planters. d. the Republicans caucus threw its support to Adams. e. Jackson and Jefferson conspired to steal the disputed election of 1824. 2. The goal of the Jacksonians was to: a. redistribute the wealth of the nation. b. reduce the influence of southern planters. c. eliminate the influence of Native Americans on the frontier. d. put as many of their own people in office as possible. e. ensure that people could rise to prominence on the basis of their own talents and energies. 3. In the election of 1828,: a. Jackson defeated John Q. Adams in an election disgraced by character assassination on both sides. b. Henry Clay was chosen president when the election was thrown into the House of Representatives. c. Andrew Jackson won but was haunted by the charges that he had reached an agreement for southern votes. d. Jackson defeated JQA in an election characterized by integrity and a dispassionate examination of the issues. e. Jackson defeated John C. Calhoun, thus opening the rift between the western politician and his former southern allie. 4. In his victory in 1828, Jackson drew his greatest support from the: a. South and West. b. New England region and the Southeast. c. Middle Atlantic states and the Old Northwest. d. South and Middle Atlantic states. e. the remnents of the Federalist Party. 5. The basic concept of the “ spoils system” was that a. candidates must work vigorously to “ spoil” their opponents’ chances at the polls. b. party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign. c. there was no need to take into account the wishes of the average voter. d. aristocrats had a natural right to govern and exploit the country. e. elections were to be bought and sold like any other commodity. 6. Andrew Jackson supported all of the following except a. Indian removal. b. the right of nullification. c. the removal of federal deposits d. annexation of new territory e. use of the presidential veto power 7. Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that a. an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic. b. the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people. c. political participation by the common man should be increased. d. political rights should be granted to women. e. franchise restrictions should be racially neutral. 8. The Whigs of the 1830s and 1840s differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs a. win the support of the Irish immigrants. b. secured the removal of native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi. c. supported the American System of Henry Clay. d. favored a laissez-faire economy. e. urged the annexation of Texas. 9. Jackson’s view of the presidency differed from his predecessors primarily in his belief that the a. scope of federal authority should be expanded at the states’ expense. b. president was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power. c. federal government should engage in a vigorous program of internal improvements. d. advice of experts was crucial to sound presidential decisions. e. Supreme Court had too much power and should be reined in. 10. Canals and ….. helped the revolution in transportation which opened the west to settlement and trade between 1790 and 1830. a. Turnpikes . b. Railroads .. c. Steam ships. d. Clipper ships. e. Primitive air travel. 11. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it a. established the role of the federal government in internal improvements. b. strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions. c. made the invention of the steamboat economically viable. d. spurred the innovation of the railroad industry. e. was the last major canal project before the Civil War. 12. Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century? a. Africa b. Britain c. Ireland d. Denmark e. The Netherlands 13. Between 1820 and 1860 five million immigrants arrived in the United States. Most came as a result of problems at home and opportunity in the New World. The bulk of these immigrants came from … a. Eastern and southern European. b. Germany and Ireland c. Great Britain and Italy. d. Poland and Russia. e. Czechoslovakia and Rumania 14. The immediate effect of Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was a. the creation of the “ independent treasury. ” b. an expansion of credit and speculation. c. the failure of state banks. d. the creation of a federal deficit. e. the establishment of modern banking regulations. 15. Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration? a. A central bank was established. b. The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform. c. The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased. d. A nationwide banking system was begun. e. Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks. 16. An important consequence of the “ tariff of abominations” (1828) is that it led to the a. taxation of consumer items. b. reelection of Andrew Jackson. c. enunciation of the doctrine of nullification. d. alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers. e. expansion of the New England textile industry. 17. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest condemned as unconstitutional the: a. recharter of the national bank. b. Maysville Road Bill. c. Indian Removal Act d. “ Tariff of abominations. ” e. American efforts to annex the Texas territory.. 18. The nullification controversy of 1832-1833 was significant, in part, because it a. signaled the triumph of pro tariff forces. b. strengthened support for the Missouri Compromise. c. weakened the Whig party throughout the South. d. enhanced Jackson’s reputation as a strong executive. e. led directly to the Nat Turner rebellion 19. Jackson’s attitude toward nullification was to: a. support it because it was a southern doctrine and he was from the Carolinas. b. support it because it was advanced by his vice-president, John C. Calhoun. c. oppose it because of his devotion to the Union. d. support it as being correct in principle but oppose it as being divisive in practice. e. indifference. he did not believe that it had any impaact on his office. 20. The “ Force Bill” of 1832: a. authorized the president to use force to see that acts of Congress were obeyed. b. forced Jackson to stand up to Calhoun. c. forced the president to consult Congress if he planned to use troops against South Carolina. d. made it impossible for other southern states to nullify laws. e. stated that unless the British made adjustments, Jackson would start a trade war. 21. President Jackson’s Native American policy resulted in which of the following? a. Jackson’s loss of popularity in the country. b. The first efforts to grant citizenship to native Americans. c. The division of tribal lands into small units and their allotment to heads of families in each tribe. d. Widespread uprisings among the Sioux in the Dakota Territory. e. The removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to settlements across the Mississippi. 22. Jackson’s policy toward the Indians was to a. remove them to lands west of the Mississippi River. b. give them citizenship. c. respect their culture but seek out reservations more suitable for their way of life. d. try to accommodate both sides of what was fast becoming a cultural war. e. ignore their plight. 23. Who was the author of the following statement regarding the case Worcester v. Georgia ? The Cherokee nation, then, is a distinct community, occupying its own territory, with boundaries accurately described, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force … but with the assent of the Cherokees themselves or in conformity with treaties and with acts of congress … The act of Georgia under which the plaintiff was prosecuted is consequently void. a. Roger B. Taney b. John Jay c. John Marshall d. Oliver W. Holmes e. Nicholas Biddle 24. President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he a. acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government’s claim to Texas. b. feared that debate over the admission of Texas would spark controversy about slavery. c. was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion. d. could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas. e. believed that admitting Texas would violate international law. 25. The dramatic increase in the South’s slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to a. an increase in the African slave trade. b. the importation of slaves from the West Indies. c. an increase in the severity of the fugitive slave laws. d. the acquisition of Louisiana. e. the natural population increase of American-born slaves. 26. The call for the “ immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves” is associated with the position of a. the Free Soil Party of William Sumner. b. the evangelical churches of both North and South. c. David Wilmot and the Oregon Territory. d. John Quincy Adams in his speech regarding the slaves on La Amistad e. William Lloyd garrison of The Liberator 27. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century? a. Demands of Southern textile manufacturers for cotton. b. Introduction of crop rotation and fertilizers. c. Use of more stringent techniques of slave control. d. Invention of the cotton gin. e. The “ three-fifths” compromise. 28. All of the following statements about American slavery in the era prior to the Civil War are true except one. a. Although experience varied from one plantation to another, investments in slaves generally yielded rates of return equal to or better than other forms of investments of comparable risk in this economy. b. Although Southern legal codes did not uniformly provide for the legalization and stability of slave marriage, slaves were generally able to marry, and the institution of marriage was common on most Southern plantations. c. Although slaves were mainly employed in agriculture, by the 1850s they also were employed as construction workers and industrial laborers. d. Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South. e. Despite the geographical diffusion of slavery throughout the South, at no time did the majority of White families in the South own slaves. 29. This statement said in part that “ as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States (as a result of the war) neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory. ” An uproar ensured from representatives of the southern state over the obvious implication on their “ peculiar institution. ” The speaker who reopened the slavery issue was a. Daniel Webster b. John C. Calhoun c. Henry Clay d. David Wilmot e. Ralph Waldo Emerson 30. Which of the following was not used as a defense for the institution of slavery? a. Northern wage workers toiling in the factories were treated more inhumanely. b. The curse on Caine for killing his brother began the degradation of Blacks. c. Slavery was essential to the agricultural system of the south, which produced crops requiring extensive hand labor. d. Slavery existed in the Old Testament and was never criticized by Christ, the Disciples, or the prophets. e. The Constitution protected slavery in the South, and abolished it only north of the Mason- Dixon line and the Ohio River. 31. What effect did Jackson’s economic policies have on the business cycle? a. They exaggerated the swings of the economic pendulum and led to policies which were poorly though out. b. They were successful, stimulated the economy, and ended the Panic of 1837. c. They were examples of the wisdom of “ laissez-faire” economic policies. d. The federal government was so weak that they had almost no impact. e. Jackson had only a limited grasp of economics and thus passed these questions to his subordinate, Albert Gallatin. 32. Jackson issued the — in 1836 to require purchase of public land in gold or silver. a. Preemption Act. b. Homestead Act c. Public Domain Act. d. Specie Circular e. Embargo Act 33. After the Panic of 1837 the Democrats’ efforts to produce a new financial system resulted in the creation of: a. a third national bank. b. the “ independent treasury” or “ subtreasury” system. c. a system without banks. d. a system where only gold was used as currency. e. the Federal Reserve Bank 34. The theme of individualism is most evident in the writing of a. Jonathan Edwards – The Great Awakening b. Ralph Waldo Emerson – Walden c. George Fitzhugh – Cannibals All d. Washington Irving – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow e. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter 35. The American Transcendentalists may best be characterized as which of the following? a. A group of Northern intellectuals who shared a belief in the value of human intuition, the presence of divinity in nature, and an emotional comprehension of God. b. A religious sect that believed in the concept of sin and the necessity for forgiveness from God and from fellow worshipers. c. A number of loosely organized communitarians who engaged in sexual experimentation outside the confines of marriage. d. A sect of former Unitarian ministers who expected Christ to descend to earth within their lifetimes. e. A persecuted band who had to flee to the West because of their unpopular ideas about polygamy and other unconventional practices. 36. The establishment of Brooke Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected a. the influence of Charles Darwin on American thinkers. b. the continued impact of Calvinist ideas on American thought. c. the blossoming of utopian aspirations. d. attempts to foster racial integration. e. the implementation of Masonic schemes for social improvement. 37. Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, women reformers were most active in this cause a. temperance b. women’s suffrage c. pacifism d. immigrants’ rights e. workers’ rights 38. “ The body of the people, governed by habit, will still retain their respective peculiarities of speaking; and for want of schools and proper books, fall into many inaccuracies, which, incorporating with the languages of the state where they live, may imperceptibly corrupt the national language. Nothing but the establishment of schools and some uniformity in the use of books, can annihilate differences in speaking and preserve the purity of the American tongue. A sameness of pronunciation is of considerable consequence in a political view. As an independent nation, our honor requires us to have a system of out own, in language as well as government. Great Britain, whose children we are, and whose language we speak, should no longer be our standard. ” Identify the author of this statement. a. Horace Mann b. Noah Webster c. Nathaniel Hawthorne d. Melvin Dewey e. Herman Melville 39. The essay on “ Civil Disobedience” resulted from the War with Mexico and added a new twist to the concept of nullification. The author? a. Angela Grimke b. Henry David Thoreau c. John C. Calhoun d. Frederick Douglass e. Ralph Waldo Emerson 40. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of a. the absence of an aristocracy. b. limited geographic mobility. c. the uneven distribution of wealth. d. urbanization e. the Enlightenment.