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Theories of learning chp 10 gestalt theory

Absolute TheoryThe contention of the behaviorists that what an organism learns are specific responses to specific stimuli. Agnosia… ONTHEORIES OF LEARNING CHP 10 GESTALT THEORY SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder NowBehavioral environmentAccording to Koffka, the environment as it is consciously experienced. Also referred to as subjective reality. Cognitive hungerPoppers term for the innate desire to revise expectancies continuously so that they are increasingly accurate in reflecting reality. EpiphenomenalismThe belief that body sensations cause mental images are seen as the by-products of body experiences. Field TheoryThe belief that the environment consist of interdependent events. In psychology, field theory assumes that behavior or cognitive processes are a function of many variables that exist simultaneously, and a change in any one of them changes the effect of all the others. Geographical environmentAccording to Koffka, the physical or objective environment. Aldo referred to as objective reality. GestaltA German word meaning pattern or configuration. Individual memory traceThe memory trace left by a specific experience. Insightful learningLearning that occurs very rapidly, is remembered for a considerable length of time, and transfers readily to situations related to the one in which the insightful learning took place. Integrative agnosia… IsomorphismAs used by German psychologist, the relationship that exist between brain activity and consciousness. Law of PrägnanzThe overwhelming principle in Gestalt psychology, which states that all mental events tend towards completeness, simplicity, and meaningfulness. Life spaceKurt Lewin’s concept to describe the simultaneous influences on a person at a given time. Memory processThe brain activity that is caused by environmental stimulation. Memory traceThe remnants of an environmental experience after the experience is terminated. Molar behaviorA large segment oof behavior that is goal directed and therefore purposive. Molecular behaviorA small segment of behavior, such as a conditioned reflex, that is isolated for detailed study. PhenomenologyThe study of intact, meaningful mental events. These intact meaningful mental events are called phenomenological experiences, which structuralists wanted their subjects to actively avoid and Gestalt psychologists felt were the basic subject matter of psychologyPhi phenomenonThe experience of apparent motion that is caused by lights flashing on and off at a certain frequency. Wertheimer’s discovery of apparent motion launched the Gestalt school of psychology. Principle of closureTendency to complete incomplete experiences, thereby making them more meaningful. Productive thinkingWertheimer’s term for thinking that is based on the understanding of principles involved in a problem rather than on a logic or the rote memorization of facts or rules. Prosopagnosia… Relational theoryThe contention of the Gestalt psychologists that organism should learn principles or relationships and not specific responses to specific stimuli. Trace systemA number of interrelated individual memory traces. TranspositionThe Gestalt version of transfer of training, which states that a principle that works in solving a problem will tend to be applied to the solution of similar problems. Zeigarnik effectThe tendency to remember uncompleted last longer than completed ones.

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