Contents
- A
This undertaking is about look intoing the biodiversity and the importance of continuing biodiversity. Each group have chosen an Arabian species to measure it and to look into its position. Every member of the group has to compose one portion of the study. Investigating biodiversity, the position of the species and how can we protect this species from loss. And how can the society as a whole contribute to the saving of the biodiversity and the specific species that we chose to compose approximately.
Biodiversity is a really of import topic, as today the universe is confronting a biodiversity crises. The biodiversity crises fundamentally means the loss of many types of different species on Earth that humans lives depend on ( IUCN, 2010 ) . Biodiversity is ‘ the assortment of life ‘ it is the assortment of all species on the planet. Biodiversity contains all the different animate beings, workss, animals, insects, micro-organisms and it includes the diverseness within species, between species and of ecosystems. Biodiversity can be divided into three types Genetic diverseness, organismic diverseness, and ecological diverseness. The familial diverseness covers the constituents of the familial codification that make-up beings and the fluctuations between the persons in the population and between populations. Organismal diverseness includes the systematic hierarchy from persons to genera and beyond. Ecological diverseness includes the graduated tables of ecological differences from populations, niches, home grounds, up to biomes ( Gaston, K. & A ; Spicer, J. 2004 ) .
We have chosen to compose about a really beautiful and astonishing animate being. This carnal lives in parts of the Arabian peninsula. Peoples used to kill it to salvage their cowss from being eaten by this animate being, and so they used its nice patterned pelt for adorning their places, and they were besides hunted for their dentitions and claws ( McGregor, T. , Spalton, A. & A ; Hikmani, H. 2007 ) . The animate being that we will discourse is the Arabian Leopard, as we know that it is an endangered animate being in the Arabian peninsula and we would wish to research more information about this gorgeous animate being.
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Family
Felidae
Genus
Panthera
Speciess
PANTHERA PARDUS
Sub Speciess
PANTHERA PARDUS NIMR The Arabian Leopard is one of the common names of this animate being, the other common name is the South Arabian Leopard. The Arabian leopard is a sub species of the known leopard Panthera pardus. The scientific name of the Arabian Leopard is Panthera pardus ssp. Nimr. The taxonomy of the Arabian Leopard is shown in the tabular array below ( IUCN, 2010 ) . The trophic degree of the Arabian leopard is Carnivore.
The Panthera pardus nimr is considered the smallest races of leopards. Its entire length is between 160 centimeters – 220 centimeter, the length of its tail merely is between 66 centimeters – 100 centimeter. The Arabian leopard weight is between 28 kg – 75 kilogram. The Arabian leopards has particular little and widely spaced musca volitanss ( Kingdon, J. 1991 ) . The colour of the Arabian leopards ‘ organic structure is about pale brown or aureate colour. Its lower portion of the organic structure can be xanthous or white. The musca volitanss are black and sometimes have the form of a flower ( Selim, M. & A ; El-Batanouny, K. n. d. )
Hessa Aqab Shahin 200880840
The ecological niche means the species ‘ manner of life or function in a community or an ecosystem and it includes everything that affects its endurance and reproduction ( Spoolman, S. & A ; Miller, T. 2008 ) . The Arabian leopards depends on farm animal, domestic caprine animals, Arabian Tahr, and other little birds and mammals as a nutrient beginning. The Arabian Leopard is considered a really powerful marauder in the part where it is on control. The home ground of the Arabian leopard is largely in cragged and hilly countries and its rarely venture into unfastened fields ( McGregor, T. , Spalton, A. & A ; Hikmani, H. 2007 ) . Because of the lower Numberss of the Arabian leopards in the part another marauder has taken its topographic point which is the Caracal ( McGregor, T. , Spalton, A. & A ; Hikmani, H. 2007 ) . So the Caracal has taken over the Arabian leopards ‘ topographic point and is busying its country, and this can do the Arabian leopards Numberss to go less because there is another marauder that is taking its nutrient and home ground countries. Harmonizing to local people in Oman the Caracal is their enemy because it hunts their farm animal in wadis and near to their places while that Arabian leopard merely quarries on farm animal in the mountains so they were aggressive towards that Caracal, they hunt it and kill it because it causes a batch of harm to them. Another thing that affected the Arabian leopards endurance in the part is the changeless civilisation and edifice roads that reaches the top of the mountains, people besides are taking its topographic point by local lodging enlargement, over graze, and farming ( McGregor, T. , Spalton, A. & A ; Hikmani, H. 2007 ) . All these human activities and “ modernisation ” are jeopardizing the Arabian leopards ‘ endurance in the part.
Figure 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. biosphere-expeditions. org/images/stories/pdfs/reports/report-oman0607. pdf The Arabian leopard can merely be seen in several countries in the Arabian peninsula. The distribution scope of the Arabian leopard is shown in figure 1. Its distribution ranges from the mountains of Haqel in the north-west of Arabia, Yemen, the mountains of Hadramout to north-east of Oman, and the eastern mountains of the United Arab Emirates. The Arabian leopards extends from the rugged arid, to semi waterless mountains along the seashore of the Red Sea in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( Al Johany, A. 2006 ) . The figure below shows the distribution of the Arabian leopard in the Arabian peninsula and the adjacent part and it shows whether the Arabian leopard distribution is confirmed, likely, possible, or historical in that peculiar country.
Hala Ibrahim 200601460
Speciess classified by Biologists that heading toward biological extinction as threatened, nonextant and endangered species. First, threatened species is a species that still abundant in its natural scope but they continues to diminish and most likely to became endangered in the hereafter. Besides, threatened species can cognize as vulnerable species and the illustration of this sort of species is Dugong dugon. Secondly, some species non known in wild, it merely can establish in menagerie or private aggregation such as Arabian Oryx and that an illustration of nonextant species. Third, an endangered species is a few Numberss of being ‘ s population that at hazard to be nonextant or threatened because of environmental changing or human impact and the Arabian leopard is an illustration of this species ( Miller, T. , & A ; Spoolman, S ) . Endangered species include 1 in 4 mammals, 1 in 8 birds and 1/3 of all amphibious vehicles ( The predicament of endangered species ) . However, many scientists and some university ‘ classs are concentrating in this type of species to continue and protect them to non be extinction.
Arabian leopard is one of this endangered species which estimated to no more than 250 mature persons. Besides, this figure is capable to worsen in the hereafter which mean that Arabian leopards are able to be nonextant because of the little population they have. The Arabian leopard was spread widely in the mountains of Arab states such as Haqel in the northern portion of Median Mountains, in Hijaz and the Sarawat Mountains. In add-on, this leopard existed in the northern Yemen Highlandss, in the mountains of Ras al-Khaimah and the eastern part of UAE and in the Jebel Samhan and Dhofar mountains in Oman ( Arabian leopard- critically endangered ( CR ) ) . However, the deficiency of consciousness amongst the people in the past lead to diminish the Numberss of leopards.
What are the grounds that make species threatened and endangered? Hunting, killing and diing are the causes of the decrease of Arabian leopard which largely caused by people in a direct and indirect manner. Sometimes leopards were killed by chance when they was eating poisoned which is putted to wolves and hyaenas. In 1986, four Arabian leopards killed in the Ras Al-Khaimah mountains in the UAE ( Harman, A ) . Furthermore, a late killed leopard found in 1992 in the boundary line country between Sultanate Oman and UAE, unhappily, in the same country other two leopards found one of them killed and another injured. 50, 000 leopard were killed during the early 1960s merely in East Africa ( Harman, A ) . In add-on, some of husbandmans and cowss herders are forced to kill the Arabian leopard to salvage them self and their farm animal because they thought that leopard are assailing and killing their caprine animals and may assail them and people who live about.
On the other manus, some people are killing and runing the Arabian leopards because of the commercial value they have. Hunters take the advantages from leopards through selling their teguments and the leopard pelt and that happened with some bargainers in Africa and Yemen ( Harman, A ) . This sort of illegal state of affairs could increase the income of bargainers but affect negatively in Arabian leopards which make them endangered and threatens their population.
Habitat devastation it besides considered as the most serious cause that threatens species when it mean the complete lose of countries with it all resources that species need to last ( Miller, T. , & A ; Spoolman, S ) . Unfortunately, the addition of people ‘ s population has a negative consequence in countries that mammal live in, there is ever a new building of shopping promenades, Parkss, developed houses and mills. Besides, there is a day-to-day cut of woods and
Hala Ibrahim
200601460
grassland in countries that Arabian leopard and other mammals live in ( Kirkland, G ) . Speciess are fundamentally need nutrient, shelter, H2O and the proper environment as human needs to last and populate in suited environment ( Bailey, R. ) . Furthermore, home ground atomization which represent the isolation of countries to many subdivisions and do it hard for species to eating, migration and coupling. Besides, the figure of Arabian leopard declined because of the decrease in Numberss of cervid and vaulting horses that live in the mountain country that leopard live in and qualify as the chief beginning of nutrient for leopard ( Arabian Leopard ) . Speciess affected by altering and rendering home ground and that alterations come from run outing wetlands, building flood-control reservoir and ploughing native grasslands. Directly or indirectly, Arabian leopard can be affected and died because of the environmental pollution, that pollution can restrict and cut downing the demands of the mammals. Some mammals die after imbibing Waterss that contained a nitrile ( Kirkland, G ) .
Endangered species has some certain common features that shared with other endangered and nonextant species such as the big size. Some of endangered species has a big size which need 100s or 1000s of estates to back up their population, when other mammals such mice need a little woodlot to populate in. Besides, endangered species has a low productive rate because some mammals of course produce merely one offspring each twelvemonth and it is hard to retrieve rabidly if the mortality rate is high ( Kirkland, G ) . Compared to little gnawers, they are able to bring forth many big litters in each twelvemonth. Endangered mammals and Arabian leopards can besides considered as a species that has a little population, rare and has high trophic degree. Mammals as Arabian leopard become threatened if the specialized home grounds they live in is widely separated to many infinites and in little sizes, because these species need a big countries in order to happen their precedences of nutrient and H2O to last.
Figure 2: hypertext transfer protocol: //gulfnews. com/news/gulf/oman/oman-yemen-tie-up-urged-to-save-leopards-1. 18006
Haya Sultan 200520663
Over the last million old ages, about five mass extinctions have occurred since the beginning of the existence. They either determine the terminal of an epoch of clip or the beginning of another. The Ordovician-Silurian extinction, the late Devonian extinction, the Premian-Triassic extinction, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction was the five mass extinctions. Figure 3
Figure 3
Each one of them had causes, in the terminal of the Ordovician extinction about 447 until 444 million old ages ago ; tag the boundary line between the Ordovician period and the period following which is the Silurian. In that extinction there were several of import alterations in the size of C isotopes of necessities of the reaction and the biological science of O. Those alterations refer to sort different phases in a individual event. At that clip, complex multicellular beings lived in the sea, and about 100 households of them screens about 49 per centum of the Marine. More dependable estimation of species of the animate beings has become nonextant. The Earth lost lamp shells and little bi-valve polyzoans colonials, along with many households of trilobites and graptolites ( little colonial Marine animate beings ) .
The late Devonian extinction was tantamount to the planetary chilling and has been suggested as a cause of extinction of the Devonian, as is besides suspected of doing the extinction of the terminal Ordovician. Climate alteration and the bead of sea degree caused the Premian-Triassic extinction besides. In the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, the scientist said that a vent caused it. Volcanoes let go of a scope of
Haya Sultan 200520663
gases into the stratosphere of which SO2 and CO2 are volumetrically the most of import ( Devine, J. D. Sigurdsson, H. Davis, A. N. ( 1984 ) .
Those causes that happened in the past of course happened. But today, we might confront another mass extinction but this clip worlds are the chief cause of it. The causes presents are many. First on is the devastation of species home grounds and atomization. We remove many woods either to utilize the trees in doing furniture or documents or either to do documents, which destroys batch home grounds of many sorts of species. Second thing is rapid human population growing. Which means more land to be cleared to construct houses and installations. Third cause is familial pollution. Pollution caused by mills and transits. Forth cause is Global heating.
Harmonizing to wildlife Middle East intelligence they said, “ The recent rapid diminution of the Arabian leopard is due to a assortment of grounds, most of which are caused by people. Rapid human population growing causes encroachment into wilderness countries, seting force per unit area on leopards and other wild. Depletion by runing of natural quarries such as Nubian ibex ( Capra ibex ) , Arabian tahr ( Hemitragus jayakari ) , Mountain gazelle ( Gazella Gazella Persephone ) , and stone coney ( Procavia capensis ) leaves small for leopards to eat so some are forced to feed on farm animal. This leads to struggles with villagers who kill leopards in order to protect their herds. Wealthy carnal aggregators who pay immense amounts for Arabian Leopards promote the caparison of leopards for the illegal market ” .
Different sectarians in the UAE are taking action to protect the Arabian leopard. In 1993, the UAE set up the Arabian leopard trust which is be aftering to protect its home ground in the mountains, and conserving native Arabian wildlife in general. The Arabian Leopard Trust is seeking to keep the impact on the Arabian leopard locally and globally. Besides in Sharjah there is a genteelness centre which successfully had the 3rd litter of greenhorn born.
We as persons we can assist protecting the Arabian leopard by stop presenting non-native animate beings and go forth them in the natural state. Besides recycling and cut downing pollution aids. Not merely the Arabian Leopard, but besides all the species that are threaten and endangered. And authorities can assist by protect the cragged home grounds and put Torahs to halt huntsmans from endanger the Arabian leopard. The media besides have a really large impact on people. It can distribute consciousness among people about endangers animate beings and how can we assist in protecting them.
Summary & A ; decision:
Biodiversity means the assortment of life on Earth. The Arabian leopard is an Arabian animate being that faces the danger of being nonextant. Endangered species as Arabian leopard is a species that still abundant in wild but their population are able to worsen. Human impact and environmental pollution has a important function of the decrease of Arabian leopard ‘ s population. This endangered leopard has some common features such as low productive, little population and big size. There are besides some enterprises done to protect this animate being from loss. After making research and composing this study we found out that animate beings and different species in the full universe are really of import. Each and every animate being, insect, works, or even bacteriums has an of import function in this ecosystem and in keeping the balance of life on Earth. All these different species, both the 1s we discovered and the 1s we did n’t, are interconnected in a manner or another. For illustration the species that we based our study about ; the Arabian leopard, has largely disappeared from many parts so another animate being took its topographic point in that country like the desert lynx who is now assailing cowss more than the Arabian leopard would make if it was in its normal part. And this thing affects the ecosystem at that place. So we noticed that if any species is lost it affects the ecosystem in some manner ; that ‘ s why we should be concerned about salvaging the species and forestalling them from loss, because we want to populate in a balanced healthy universe. And the species loss is interrupting the balance and the harmoniousness of life.
Islam is a really merciful faith for both worlds and animate beings. For illustration there is “ Hadith Sharif ” a expression by prophesier Mohammed peace be upon him “ Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah ‘ s Apostle said, “ While a adult male was walking on a route. he became really thirsty. Then he came across a well, got down into it, drank ( of its H2O ) and so came out. Meanwhile he saw a Canis familiaris heaving and creaming clay because of inordinate thirst. The adult male said to himself “ This Canis familiaris is enduring from the same province of thirst as I did. ” So he went down the well ( once more ) and filled his shoe ( with H2O ) and held it in his oral cavity and watered the Canis familiaris. Allah thanked him for that title and forgave him. ” The people asked, “ O Allah ‘ s Apostle! Is at that place a wages for us in functioning the animate beings? ” He said, “ ( Yes ) There is a wages for functioning any animate ( populating being ) . ” ( Good Mannerss and signifier, n. d. ) . That ‘ s why we should protect biodiversity out of our faith, and even out of the individual ‘ s values besides.
If the position of our species was reevaluated when we are 50 old ages old. We think that Arabian leopards will be extinct in the wild, but there will be some raised in imprisonments and wildlife conserves. As we notice this immense development and alteration in the home ground of this species which lives in the mountains. But if the concerns about its loss started from now the state of affairs might better and we might hold an addition in the Numberss of the Arabian leopards. But they would likely be raised in topographic points far from this development and they might make more conserves to salvage what can be saved from its home ground.
