Research papers

LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS OF FOURTH YEAR BEED STUDENTS IN THE LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS IN PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO S. Y FROM 2007-2012 By: Contado, Rachelle B. Corpuz, Carmella Dawn P. Ricohermoso, Jywell P. Rint, Jelome Irish C. Table of Contents Chapter I The Problem and its Background………………………………………….. 1 Introduction………………………….………………………………………….. 1 Background Of the Study………………………………………………………… 3 Objectives of the study………………………………………….……………….. 4 Statement of the problem………………………………………………………… 6 Hypotheses of the study……………………………………………….………… 7 Scope and delimitation of the study……………………………..….…………… 8 Significance of the study………………………………………………………… 8 Theoretical Framework…………………………………..………………………9 Conceptual Framework…………………………………..……………………… 12 Definitions of terms…………………………………………..………………….. 14 Chapter II Review of related literature and studies……………………………………. 17 Foreign literature…………………………………….………………………….. 17 Foreign studies ……………………………..…………….……………………. . 18 Local literature………………………….…………….………………………….. 22 Local studies …………………………………………………………………… 25 Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………. 27 Chapter III Research Methodology………………………………………………….. 29 Research of the study…………………………….………………………………. 29 Population of the study……………………….………………………………….. 30 Research instruments…………………….………………………………………. 30 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In the modern world, things are getting harder and harder; these things need to be surpassed. The only way to be on top of the dream is go to beyond the limitations. Improvements and developments are easily to be taken if the main individual aspects such as cognitive, mental, social and physical were well-prepared enough to catch good outcome. Looking for a brighter future must embedded with a thought that nothing in this world simply happened without crossing the middle of needle hole. Life in itself is a big examination. At every footstep we have to face certain tests. The success is always marked with dignity and honor in all the examination of life. Examinations add to our ability, power of tolerance, perseverance and other good qualities. In education, teachers should be competitive and effective not only in particular aspects but also in an outside world. The desire to hold a quality education was once part of pursuing but outcome on many aspects. And in order to measure these aspects such as knowledge, skills, aptitude and qualification about a certain standards, the teacher must undergo Licensure Examination for teacher or LET. According to Richard P. Phelps et al. (2008) Examination has been called the greatest single social contribution of modern world, and it may be the most useful evaluation method available for human resource-intensive endeavors. In addition, Z. Khan et al., (2011) stated that the world examination means to test in order to verify, to judge and to certify facts. Licensure Examination is a very wide word, which is used tin all spheres of teacher’s life. The American Educational Research Association et al., (1999) stated that the test specifications for Licensure Examinations make explicit at least part of what professions consider worth knowing and how it should be known and demonstrated. Licensure Examination for Teachers was one of the key factors for a teacher to enter in the real world of teaching. LET is just like other simple test must be passed. Taking the LET is not about a license; not about seeing the name on the newspaper; not about looking of the picture posted on a university tarpaulin; or not about to be on top of the examination, but it is how a teacher great feels that they completely reach the final stage of being a teacher. Passing the licensure examination for Teacher is not the end, it is the new beginning of the new born teacher. Background of the Study Licensure examination for Teacher is the last step in for wording into the new chapter of a teacher’s life. And in order to achieve this main goal of an educator, difficult test needs to be surpassed. This examination is not only a one basic test, it is composed of complexity of different areas which deals to a wide central forms of ideas. The competency and excellency of a teacher measures in the aspects of pedagogy. Dreams may not come into reality if a person is not entering to the environment that gives suffering and challenges. The word professional may be added to the word teacher if the outcome of the learned matter was significantly put into re-organized representations of a well-rounded personality. In the previous study, the researcher come up with the factors that may affect the percentage of the students in the Licensure Examination for Teacher such as the teacher, peers, class review, curriculum, administration, environment and facilitator. Based on the result of the study, there are light effects of the stated factors on the performance of the students in the LET. So, the current research come up into the another study to determine the really factors that affect the percentage of the takers. On the history of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, there are no specific full review classes happened in the students of the College of Education before taking the LET. The big question is: how the students prepared themselves in the different subject areas that are included in the LET? Thus, reviewing, memorizing, analyzing certain topics may be the key to pass the Licensure Examination for Teachers. Now the purpose of the study deals with the preparations of the fourth year BEED students in the different subject areas included in the LET. The researchers do believe that this study will help the students of the College of Education to know the technique on reviewing of the certain points on the different subject areas in order to passed the Licensure Examination for Teachers. Objectives * To determine the demographic profile of the fourth year BEED students in terms of: * Age * Gender * Socio-economic Status * Social Status * To determine the percentage of the LET performance of the selected fourth year * BEED students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012 when grouped by year taken. * To determine the Level of Preparedness of Selected Fourth Year BEED students in taking the LET on the following subject areas; * English * Filipino * Mathematics * Current events / History * Science * SPED * Professional / Education Subjects * To determine the effect of the Level of Preparedness of Selected Fourth Year BEED Students from S. Y. 2007-2012 in the different subject areas on their LET performances. * To determine the difference among the student’s perception on their level of preparedness in taking the LET and the different subject areas when grouped by year taken. * To determine the difference between the level of preparedness of the fourth year BEED students in taking the LET and the different subject areas affecting their LET performance. Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study is to determine the Level o Preparedness of Selected Fourth Year Bachelor of Elementary Education Students in the Licensure Examination for Teachers in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y 2007-2012. Specifically, this study intends to answer the following questions: 1. Is there any significant relation between the Demographic Profile of the Fourth Year BEED students in terms of: 2. 1. Age; 2. 2. Gender; 2. 3. Socio-Economic Status 2. 4. Social Status? 2. How the students prefer themselves in taking examination in terms of: 3. 5. Review 3. 6. Mastery of the Subject 3. 7. Basic Education 3. How do the students perform with age, gender, socio-economics and social status with during the review class program in taking the LET. 4. What is the level of preparedness of selected fourth year BEED students in taking the LET on the following subject areas: 5. 8. English 5. 9. Mathematics 5. 10. Current Events/ History 5. 11. Science 5. 12. SPED 5. 13. Professional Education Subjects 5. 14. Filipino 5. Is there a significant effect of the level of preparedness the different subject areas on their LET performances? 6. Is there a significant difference among the student’s perceptions on their level of preparedness in taking the LET and the different subject areas when grouped by year taken? 7. Is there a significant difference between the level of preparedness of the fourth year BEED students in taking the LET and the different subject areas affecting their LET performance? Hypotheses The hypotheses below are given in the null for testing. Ho1. There is no significant effect of the level of preparedness of selected fourth year BEED students from S. Y. 2007-2012 in the different subject areas on their LET performance. Ho2. There is no significant difference among the student’s perceptions on their level of preparedness in taking the LET and the different subject areas when grouped by year taken. Ho3. There is no significant difference between the level of preparedness of the fourth year BEED students in taking the LET and the different subject areas affecting their LET performance. Scope and Limitation This study will determine if there is a significant relationship between the level o preparedness of the fourth year BEED students in taking the LET and the different subject areas affecting their LET performance. The researchers will be focusing on the selected fourth year BEED students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. There will be only sixty (60) respondents because they already represent the entire population of the fourth year students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. Significance of the Study This study will leads to students in the LET in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. Specifically determine the level of preparedness of the selected fourth year BEED, it would give light to the level of preparedness in taking the LET from S. Y. 2007-2012. To the teachers. Since they play an important role in ensuring effective learning. They should focus on the different subject areas to improve more. The study will give essence on how the teacher adjusted or may change the teaching strategies and methods for the students to come up in their preparation for the LET. To the students. This study will help students in determining their preparedness in different subject areas before taking the LET. It is how the students realize their waterloo in a specific subject area and its effect on their LET performance. The study will be the guidelines and basis of their techniques in preparing or the LET. To the future researchers. The study will be also the basis, standards and starting point for the next generation of researcher. All study must have a relevant and significant information’s for it’s to be reliable, and this study be useful in the future. To the administrators. The result of this study will ne useful to the school administrator, deans and subject coordinators n providing best quality of education for the students in preparing them for the Licensure Examination for Teachers. The key to all success starts with excellence improvements o educational system. Theoretical Framework * Theory of Intelligence A theory presented by Louis L. Thurstone states that instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstones theory focused on seven different primary mental abilities. The abilities that he described were: verbal, comprehension, reasoning, perceptual speed, numerical ability, word fluency, associative memory and spatial visualization. In this kind of theory, the ability of the individual who will be taking an examination was being prioritized. There are different areas which regard to Licensure Examination o Teachers and in order to reach those areas, the takers must also reach the primary mental abilities and it depends on the preparations being focused on. * Theory of Learning Gestalt (1976) had a central idea of “ grouping” or aspects of visual and other stimuli which cause the subject to interpret a problem or perceptual event in a certain way. Grouping factors included proximity, elements that are close in space tend to be grouped together and perceived as one or a few objects, similarity, items that have some similar characteristics tend to be grouped, closure, elements which appear to complete some shape or object to be groped, and simplicity, the tendency to organize objects into simple figures. * Theory of Cognitive Flexibility Spiro (1999) that a successful learner is one who can readily re-organize and apply knowledge in response to varying situational demands. To attain this flexibility, learners must an understand problems in their full complexity and must “ criss-cross” the problem space multiple times in order to observe how shits in variables and goals alter the space. How will one can do this is a function of both the way knowledge is represented and the processes that operate on hose mental representation. In this kind of theory, the acquired knowledge of the learners will be tested in the form of the Licensure Examination for Teachers. All the regards informations will evaluate in the examination whether the different areas of abilities applied in a situational demands. The knowledge is being used to represent certain ideas in well-rounded human intelligences as required in full prepared mind abilities. * Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget stated that intelligence is an aid in how one adopts to the environments. Intelligence can be displayed on a continuum and is shown as one has increasingly complex responses to their environment. Equilibration refers to how development occurs through stages- as a process of cognitive development in which a learner seek a balance between the information and experiences they encounter. Piaget considered four main stages of development. The sensory motor stage is when an infant develops in terms of sensory input and motor output. Central to Piaget’s theory in the idea that children’s cognitive development follows a well defined sequence of stages whereby they acquire structures or schemes that enables them to deal with the world. Conceptual Framework ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Preparedness of the Fourth year BEEd students in Licensure Examination for Teachers ————————————————- ————————————————- Distribution of questionnaire ————————————————- Data collection and organization ————————————————- ————————————————- Percentage ————————————————- Weighted Mean ————————————————- Pearson r Correlation ————————————————- Analysis of Variance ————————————————- T-test ————————————————- Demographic profile of the fourth year BEEd students in terms of age, gender, socio-economic status and social status ————————————————- Level of preparedness of the fourth year BEEd students from S. Y. 2007-2012 in taking the LET in the subject areas of English, Filipino, Mathematics, Current Events/ History, Science, SPED and Professional Education Subjects INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT ————————————————- Feedback Figure 1 Paradigm of the study The research the framework has been developed and illustrated to guide the researchers in the flow of their study shown in figure 1. The first frame contained the demographic profile of the fourth year BEED students in terms of age, gender, socio-economic status and social status. It also contained the level of preparedness of the fourth year BEED students from S. Y. 2007-2012 in taking the LET in the subject areas of English, Filipino, Mathematics, Current Events / History, Science, SPED and Professional Education. The second frame contained the process used in the study which is distribution of questionnaire, data collection and organization, percentage, weighted mean, pearson r. correlation, analysis of variance and T-test. The last frame was the expected outcome and that was the fourth year BEEd students in terms of their preparation in the different subject areas and their LET performance. Definition of terms LET (Licensure Examination for Teachers)- An assessment intended to measure the Knowledge, skill, aptitude, qualification and requirement for the teachers to achieve the license in teaching. Preparedness- The state of being prepared of the students in the different subject areas before taking LET. English- It refers to the ability of the students in terms of grammar, verbal, speaking and writing skills. The study will measure the ability of the students in their English ability. Filipino- It refers to the ability of the students in the four main aspects of communication: writing, reading, and grammar. The subject tells about literature, values and different aspects about Filipino subject. Science- The study will determine the level of preparedness of the respondents in the field of science before taking LET. Mathematics- It refers to the knowledge of an individual about computing Current Events/ History- It deals to the stocked knowledge of an individual about history of the Philippines and the world. The history is about the past and its relation to the present. SPED (Special Education)- In the new trends of Licensure Examination for Teachers, SPED was been included. The study will identify the preparation of the learner about the Special Education before taking LET. Professional Education Subjects- refers to the subject that studied by education students as part of their plan of study. This professional subject enables them to prepare as a well-developed teachers. Cognitive- Being conscious intellectual activity (as thinking, reasoning, remembering, imagining, or learning word). Age- Refers to how old the respondent is. Gender- Refers to the sex classification of the respondents. Socio-Economic Status- Refers to the living of the respondents’ regards to their class: upper middle, middle and, lower class. Social Status- Regards to the relations of the respondents. Learning- The state of acquiring knowledge of an individual about different subject areas. Intelligence- Refers to individual perspective based on their skills and abilities in a certain or broad aspects. The study will determine the intelligence of the respondents regarding to their preparations in taking LET. Cognitive flexibility- One who can readily apply the acquired knowledge to a given situational demands. The individual will determined if they are already prepared in risking complexity of problems. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY This chapter represent a review of foreign and local literature and studies that have a relevance with the present study. Related Literatures: Foreign Literature The teaching profession and individual states impose standards through program approval, teacher education admission and course requirements, testing, and initial licensure to promote quality practice. ilable talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment (Article XIV, Section 4(5). In 1994Republic Act No. 7836 known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994 declared the policy recognizing the vital role of teachers in nation building. The act created the Board for Professional Teachers, a collegial body under the general supervision and administrative control of the Professional Regulation Commission. (Bilbao, P. et. al, The Teaching Profession, 142-143, (2006) Synthesis The presented reviews of related literature and studies stated that gaining and acquiring a certificate which serves as a basic of passing the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) is beneficial for a teacher to find a job suited to his/her specialization or discipline. In our country, the teacher is considered to the most respected person, they must be intelligent, industrious, diligent and trustworthy to the profession they chose, because the future and hope of the students rely on their hands. But it seems that education in our country is gradually declining and the teachers are considered to be the primary factor of the said problems. Majority of the review of literature said that a teacher to be qualified must pass the examination authorized by the civil affairs. Wherein, it tests the cognition of novice teachers in terms of major and professional subjects as well as general education subjects. Every examination period the students who admire to pass are expected to have a review before the definite examination day. He/she must be physically and mentally prepared in order to overcome those questions presented on the booklet or questionnaire. An effective readiness is needed to internalize all concepts and principles relying on the subject matter. But, many elementary education students nowadays are incapable in securing finances for review centers so that they need to make adjustments, they need to pay more time for self-review because they have no assurance to the scope of the examination. But self-review without the accompaniment of self motivation is difficult. Therefore the student must set or arouse a type of study habit which is intrinsic, necessary enough to be ready for the said examination. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the methods used by the researchers in conducting th Research Locale Pamantasan ng Cabuyao is the university located in the city of Cabuyao, Laguna which produces quality educators since 2007 as it held the first batch of graduates. The university was chosen as the locale of the study because it produced quality and best elementary teachers from the year 2007 up to 2012. These quality and best elementary teachers have a broad knowledge and experiences in preparing for the Licensure Examination for teachers. Respondents of the study The total respondents for this study consist of sixty (60) selected Fourth year BEEd students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. It is composed of these respondents , seven (7) from the batch of 2007, eight (8) from the batch of 2008, nine (9) from the batch of 2009, ten (10) from the batch of 2010, eleven (11) from the batch of 2011 and fifteen (15) from the batch of 2012. The respondents were identified through random sampling using fish-bowl method. Research Instrument The researchers will be using the simple rating scale and questionnaire as the primary tool of gathering data on the preparedness of selected forth year BEED students in the LET in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. The questionnaire is composed of four parts. Part I pertained to the profile of the fourth year BEED students from S. Y. 2007-2012 and their LET Percentage. Part II was composed of the level of preparedness of selected fourth year BEED students in the different subject areas in taking the LET. Part III was composed of the effects of the level of preparedness of the selected fourth year BEED students in the different subject areas on their performance. Part IV composed of students’ perceptions on their level of preparedness in taking the LET and its relations to the different subject areas when grouped by year taken. The researchers with the guidance of their thesis adviser will formulate and conceptualize the survey questionnaire. Procedure in Gathering Data The letter of the recommendation obtained from the administrative will be using to back up the conduct of survey to the selected fourth year BEED students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from S. Y. 2007-2012. The researchers will explain each item thoroughly. Through survey questionnaire, the students will be asked to answer the questions honestly. The result of the questionnaires will be analyzed and interpreted to as certain the validity and reliability of the items. Statistical Treatment of Data The data to be gathered are subjected to the following statistical treatment in order to answer the questions posted in this study. The following statistical tools are: 1. To determine the profile of the respondents as to age, gender, socio-economic status and social status and the percentage of the LET performance of the respondents when group by year taken, the percentage distribution was used. P= ∑ f x 100 N Where: P= percentage ∑ f= frequency/number of respondents N= total number of respondents 2. To the find out the level of preparedness of selected fourth year BEED students in taking LET in the different subject areas of English, Mathematics, Filipino, Science, SPED and Professional Education subjects, weighted mean was used. Where: = Weighted mean ∑ fx = Sum of all products of f and x, where f is the frequency of Of each score and ___ is the weighted of each score N= Number of respondents Legend: 4. 21—5. 0 — Completely Prepared 3. 40-4. 20 — Almost Prepared 2. 61-3. 39- Moderately Prepared 1. 81-2. 60- Somehow Prepared 1. 0-1. 80- Least Prepared 3. To find out the effect of the level of preparedness of selected fourth year BEED students from S. Y 2007-2012 in the different subjects areas on their LET performance, Pearson e Correlation of Coefficients was used. The formula is Where: X- The predictor Y- The criterion measure n- Number of measure ∑- Summation Legend: Value of r Relationship 0-0. 20 Very Weak 0. 21-0. 40 Weak 0. 41-0. 60 Moderate 0. 61-0. 80 Strong 0. 81-1. 00 Very Strong 4. To determine the difference among the students’ perceptions on their level of preparedness in taking the LET and the different subject areas when grouped by year taken, the analysis of Variance was used. The formula is F scale = Mean of square between Mean of Square Within The study would use the software Statistical Packages for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS for Windows) to handle the statistical computations. This software is a spowerful tool programmed to lessen the task of manual computations. It automatically executes Mathematical formulas related to the chosen statistical test applied to a given set of data. If the displays, tabulated results which will serves as the basis as to accept or reject the assumed hypothesis of the study.