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P.p1 to individual innate individuals, and sent kids

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0px 0. 0px; text-indent: 36. 0px; font: 11. 0px ‘ Trebuchet MS’; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000; min-height: 12. 0px}p. p2 {margin: 0. 0px 0.

0px 0. 0px 0. 0px; text-indent: 36. 0px; font: 12. 0px Times; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}p. p3 {margin: 0.

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0px; text-align: center; font: 11. 0px ‘ Trebuchet MS’; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000; min-height: 12. 0px}p. p4 {margin: 0.

0px 0. 0px 0. 0px 0. 0px; text-align: center; font: 12. 0px ‘ Times New Roman’; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}p.

p5 {margin: 0. 0px 0. 0px 0. 0px 0. 0px; font: 12.

0px ‘ Times New Roman’; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000}p. p6 {margin: 0. 0px 0. 0px 0. 0px 0.

0px; font: 12. 0px ‘ Times New Roman’; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000; min-height: 15. 0px}span. s1 {font-kerning: none}span. s2 {font: 8. 0px ‘ Times New Roman’; font-kerning: none}span. Apple-tab-span {white-space: pre}Two paramount subjects of Native American History: the termination of Indians and the Relocation of Indians to cities. The Great Depression altered the way America perceived its influence towards the economy and society.

It also changed policies towards Indians. In the twentieth century the government shifted on Indian Affairs several times. While policies changed, issues still occurred, similar to the objective of assimilation of Indian people. Indian communities fought in Washington, D.

C., agreeing and disagreeing with the system to influence results. Eventually forming their own policies and programs in their community. Termination Indian Reorganization Act An approach created by John Collier, at that point recently selected Official of Indian Affairs, and marked into law by President Franklin D.

Roosevelt on June 28, 1934. The act criticized and nullified the Dawes Act of 1887, its endeavor to absorb Local Americans into standard white culture in the United States. It separated the reservations, distributed terrains to individual innate individuals, and sent kids to Indian boarding schools where they were rebuffed for talking their Local dialects(445). The Indian Reorganization act granted Indian’s the assignment of innate terrains and expanded the confide in period for existing designations. Perceived ancestral governments and urged clans to embrace constitutions.

Disallowed lands from being detracted from tribes without their assent, and  gave the tribes the ability to deal with their benefits, which composed principally of land at the time. The IRA only applied to tribes who accepted the reform, Alaska and Oklahoma were left out of the arrangements. In spite of Collier’s eagerness, there was opposition to the IRA.

Indian’s feared that the recent change in policy would make it arduous to assimilate in American Society. Seventy-eight tribes rejected the new policy due to possible threats with prior treaties and the self-government that was established in 1848. Overall the Indian New Deal had a mixed  heritage.

According to the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, “ From the IRA onward, most reservations came to have the feel of branch offices of the federal government, with decision making dominated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs…and with tribal governments typically totally dependent on BIA  programs and funds”.  The IRA is important because government legislation allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U. S.

government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs. However, later on In the 1940s and 1950s  there was a heightened sense of national unity, and zero acceptance for cultural difference. Despite the IRA incentive of Native Americans residing on reservations, and self-governing, was viewed as a rarity by American government. Hence, the government’s decision to end all tribal ties with federal services, eradicate reservations, and remove tribal land holdings; otherwise known as the Termination policy.  Public Law 280After World War II, the government coveted to quicken the system of Indian assimilation via returning claims made by Indians for loss of lands; removing tribal status and   transferring authority over Indians to the state; and entering Indians into a conventional American lifestyle by relocating Indians from the reservations to cities. Public Law 280, was one of the numerous laws passed by Congress in 1953 to 1966 that terminated 109 tribes.

PL 280 personified a crucial move toward extending state control over tribal land. PL 280 granted states authority over Indian reservations; similarly the House Concurrent Resolution of 1953 ended all federal ties with tribes. Both laws enacted rapidly in Congress to affirm the Termination policy of freeing Indians from tribal life and reliance of government support. In reality, the termination policy proved to be volatile to tribes economy. Tribes no longer had access to health care by the Indian Health Service, they lost national support of their schools, they had to abide by state taxes and policies, and lost their federal trust condition.

The Menominee tribe of Wisconsin, a once prosperous lumber operation and self-sufficient community suffered from the Termination policy. In 1953, the tribe requested a monetary distribution on a per capita basis. Congress required the Menominee to agree to termination preconditions, and with little knowledge of the policy they agreed.

In 1954, the tribe the tribe had four years to create their own municipal, educational, health and other resources granted by the federal government. As a result, the tribe had to sell their lands, hospitals closed and health conditions worsened. Menomonee’s campaigned for

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