Positive politeness essay sample

I. Research Background
Communication has an important role in our life. According to Gartside communication is the art of sharing anything. In its vital sense it means a sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood mutual understanding (1986: 1). Thus, people can cooperate with each other when they communicate just as they do in any other shared activity. Communication is usually defined as conversation, namely for sending and receiving message. If the message cannot be received it means that communication does not work well. In order to make communication run in harmony, the hearer should know the speaker’s aim. Moreover, every day we adapt our conversation to different situations. Among our friends for instance, we can easily say something that would be seen discourteous among strangers and we avoid over formally with our friends. In both situations above we try to avoid making the hearer embarrassed and uncomfortable. People generally behave in accordance with their expectation concerning their public self-image or face wants to be respected. Face means public self image of a person; it refers to the emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone to recognize (Yule, 1996: 60). Face has two aspects, positive and negative.

An individual’s positive face is reflected in his or her desires to be liked, approved of, respected of and appreciated by others. While an individual’s negative face is reflected in the desire not be impeded or put upon, to have the freedom to act as one chooses (Thomas, 1995: 169). Therefore, people in their relationship need to preserve both kinds of faces for themselves and the people they interact with the politeness utterances. According to Brown and Levinson (1987: 65), certain kinds of acts intrinsically threaten face, namely those acts that by their nature run contrary to the face want of the hearer and / or of the speaker.

For example, the hearer’s positive face will damage when the speaker insulting the hearer, and also the hearer’s negative face will damage when the speaker order the hearer. It could also damage the speaker’s own positive and negative face for example, when the speaker admits that he has failed in his job and when the speaker offers help to the hearer. FTAs are acts that infringe on the hearer’s need to maintain his or her self-esteem and be respected, http://en. wikipedia. org./wiki/pragmatics. In order to avoid or minimize to reduce the possibility of damage to the hearer’s face or to the speaker’s own face, he or she may adopt certain strategies. Brown and Levinson sum up human politeness behavior in four strategies among them are the bald on record strategy, the positive politeness strategy, the negative politeness strategy, and bald off record strategy.

II. Problem Statements
Based on the research background above, the researcher proposes the main problems as follows: 1. What kinds of positive politeness strategies are employed by the characters in the film entitled “ In Good Company” based on Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategy? 2. What factors influence the characters to employ those strategies?

III. Theoretical Review
A. Politeness Strategy
Politeness is a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by human interaction by minimizing, potential conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange (Yule, 1996: 106). In communication, politeness can be defined as the means to show awareness of another person’s face. Face means public self-image of person. It refers to that emotional and social sense of self that every person has and expects everyone else to recognize (Yule, 1996: 134). According to Fasold (1996: 160), face means something that is emotionally invested. It can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in interaction. According to Brown and Levinson (in Fasold, 1996: 160), face has two aspects, namely ‘ positive’ and ‘ negative’. 1. Negative face

Negative face is the desire to have freedom of action, freedom of imposition, and not to be impeded by others. 2. Positive face
Positive face is the need to be appreciated and accepted, to be treated as the member of the same group, and to know that his or her wants are share by others. Brown and Levinson in Thomas (1995: 169) state that certain speech act is liable to damage or threaten another person’s face; such as known as Face Threatening Acts. In order to reduce the FTAs Brown and Levinson sum up four main types of politeness strategy, namely bald on record, negative politeness, positive politeness, and bald off record.

(http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/pragmatics). a. Bald on record strategy

Bald on record strategy do not attempt to minimize the threat to the hearer’s face. This strategy is most often utilized by the speakers who closely know their audience. With the bald on record strategy there is a direct possibility that the audience will be shocked or embarrassed by the strategy. b. Positive politeness strategy

The second strategy is positive politeness and this strategy attempts to minimize the threat to the hearers face. This strategy is most commonly used in situations where the audience knows each other fairly well. Quite often hedging and attempts to avoid conflict are used. For example, a positive politeness strategy might be the request “ I know that you’ve been really busy lately, but could you do the dishes?” c. Negative politeness strategy

The third strategy is negative politeness, which presumes that the speaker will be imposing on the hearer. The potential for awkwardness is greater than in bald on record strategy and positive politeness strategy. Negative face is the desire to have freedom of action. Thus, a request without consideration of the hearer’s negative face might be uncomfortable. d. Bald off record strategy

The final politeness strategy outlined by Brown and Levinson is the bald off record strategy. This strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the potential to being imposing. Based on the theories above, the researcher will use the second strategy, positive politeness strategy, because the story put the situation most in a workplace, where the different statuses such as friend, client, employees, employer or boss interact each other. Nevertheless, their relationship is fairly well.

B. Positive Politeness Strategy
According to Brown and Levinson, positive politeness strategy is oriented toward the positive face of the hearer, the positive self-image that he claims for himself and his perennial desire that his wants (or the action/ acquisition/ values/ resulting from them) should be thought of as desirable (1987: 101). Positive politeness strategy utterances are not used by the participants who have known each other fairly well, but it is used as a kind of metaphorical extension of intimacy to imply common ground or to share of wants or to limit extend between the strangers, for the some reasons, positive politeness techniques are usable not only for FTA redress, but also in general as a kind of social accelerator for the speaker in using them. It indicates that he (the speaker) wants to “ come closer” to the hearer.

Positive politeness strategy involves fifteen strategies, namely: notice, attend to hearer (his interest, wants, needs, goods); exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer); intensify interest to the hearer; use in-group identity markers; seek agreement; avoid disagreement; presuppose/rise/assert common ground; joke; assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge and concern for the hearer’s wants and willingness to fit one’s own wants with them; offer, promise; be optimistic; include both the speaker and the hearer in the activity; give (or ask for) reason; assume or assert reciprocity; give gift to the hearer (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation). Strategy 1: Notice, attend to hearer (his interest, wants, needs, goods) In general, this output suggests that the speaker should take notice of aspect of the hearer’s condition (noticeable changes, remarkable possession, anything which looks as though the hearer would want the speaker to notice and approve of it). Strategy 2: Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer)

This strategy is often conducted with exaggerate intonation, stress, and other aspects of prosodic, as well as with intensifying modifiers. Strategy 3: Intensify interest to the hearer

In this strategy, there is another way for the speaker to communicate to the hearer that he shares some of his wants to intensify the interest of his own (the speaker) contribution to the conversation, by making a good story. The speaker uses the vivid explanation or description, therefore it can pull the hearer’s right into the middle of the events being discussed, even by using metaphorically at any rate, thereby increasing their intrinsic interest to him. Strategy 4: Use in-group identity markers

A strategy by using any of the innumerable ways to convey in-group membership, the speaker can implicitly claim the common ground with the hearer that is carried by that definition of the group. This strategy includes in-group usages of address forms, use of in-group language or dialect, and use of jargon or slang. Strategy 5: Seek agreement

Another characteristic of claiming common ground with the hearer is to seek ways in which it is possible to agree with him. There are two ways: safe topics and repetition (Brown and Levinson, 1987: 112). Strategy 6: Avoid disagreement

There are four ways to avoid disagreement namely by means of token agreement, pseudo agreement, white lies, and hedging opinion. Strategy 7: Presuppose / rise / assert common ground

This strategy includes three ways among them are gossip or small talk, point of view operations and presupposition manipulation. Strategy 8: Joke

Jokes may be used as an exploitation of politeness strategies as well, in attempts to reduce the size of the FTA. For instance the speaker may joke in order to minimize an FTA of requesting. Jokes are also used as a basic positive politeness technique for putting the hearer ‘ at ease’, for example in response to a faux pass of hearer’s. Strategy 9: Assert or presuppose speaker’s knowledge and concern for the hearer’s wants

This strategy is done by asserting or implying knowledge of hearer’s wants and willingness to fit one’s own wants with them. Strategy 10: Offer, promise

In order to redress the potential threat of some FTAs, a speaker may choose to stress his cooperation with the hearer in another way. The speaker may claim that whatever the hearer wants, the speaker will help to obtain the hearer’s wants. Offers and promises are natural outcomes of choosing this strategy even if they are false. They just demonstrate the speaker’s good intentions in satisfying the hearer’s wants. Strategy 11: Be optimistic

In this strategy, the speaker assumes that the hearer wants to do something for the speaker (or for the speaker and the hearer) and will help the speaker to obtain the goals because it will be in their mutual shared interest. Strategy 12: Include both the speaker and the hearer in the
activity

This strategy uses an inclusive ‘ we’ form, when speaker really means ‘ you’ or ‘ me’, he can call upon the cooperative assumptions and thereby redress FTAs. An inclusive ‘ we’ often use with the word let’s. Strategy 13: Give (or ask for) reasons

In this strategy, the speaker including the hearer in the speaker’s practical reasoning and assuming reflexivity that the hearer wants to the speaker’s wants. This strategy can be used for complaining or criticizing by demanding reasons ‘ why not’, and assuming that if there are no good reasons why the hearer should not or can not cooperate he will cooperate, for example complaining past action. Thus, the indirect suggestion which demands rather than gives reasons is a conventionalized positive politeness form. Strategy 14: Assume or assert reciprocity

In this strategy, the speaker may say, in effect, ‘ I’ll do X for you if you do Y for me’, or ‘ I did X for you last week, so you do Y for me this week’ (or vise versa). By this strategy, the speaker may soften his FTA by negating the debt aspect and / or the face threatening aspect of speech act such as criticism or complaints. Strategy 15: Give gifts to the hearer (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation)

The last strategy, the speaker may satisfy the hearer’s positive face want (that the speaker wants to the hearer’s wants, to some degree) by actually satisfying some of the hearer’s wants. Hence we have the classics positive politeness action of gift giving, not only tangible gifts but also human relation wants such as admired, listened, understood, etc. C. Factors the Use of Positive Politeness Strategy

The employment of politeness strategy is influenced by several factors. According to Brown and Levinson (1987: 71) there are two factors that influence the speaker to employ positive politeness strategy. The factors are payoff and circumstances. 1. Payoff

The speaker employs the positive politeness strategy because they can get any advantages. The speaker can minimize the FTA by assuring the hearer that he likes the hearer and wants to fulfill the hearer’s wants. Thus, the hearer positive face is not threatened by the speaker because it can be seen for their mutual shares. 2. Relevant Circumstances

The seriousness of an FTA is also influenced by the circumstances, sociological variables, and thus to a determination of the level of politeness. According to Brown and Levinson in Rahardi (2005: 68) there are three dimensions to determine the level of politeness. Among them are relative power (P), social distance (D) and size of imposition (R). a. Relative Power

Power (P) is the general point is that we tend to use a greater degree of politeness with people who have some power or authority over us than to those who do not. It is based on the asymmetric relation between the speaker and the hearer. These types of power are most found in obviously hierarchical settings, such as courts, the military, workplace. For example, you would probably be more polite about conveying to your employer because she or he always arrives late, than in conveying to your brother. This is because your employer can influence your career in a positive way (reward power) or negative way (coercive way). b. Social Distance

Social distance (D) can be seen as the composite of psychologically real factors (status, age, sex, degree of intimacy, etc) which together determine the overall degree of respectfulness within a given speech situation. It based on the symmetric relation between the speaker and the hearer. For example, you feel close to someone or you know him well because he is similar in terms of age or sex, then you will get closer to him and the distance rating will get smaller. As a result you will not employ polite utterance when you ask him to do something. On the contrary, you will employ polite utterance when you interact with person whom you have not known well, such as person who is older than you. c. Size of Imposition

Size of imposition (R) can be seen from the relative status between one-speech act to another in a context. For example, borrowing a car in the ordinary time will make us feel reluctant, but in urgent situations it will natural. Thus, in the first context we will employ polite utterance. Meanwhile, in the second context it is not necessary to employ polite utterance because the situation is urgent.

IV. Analysis
1. Daddy: “ Cheer up! I dare say we’ll find somewhere else just as good for you. And anyway, Mother and I won’t be able to go with you this year. Has Mother told you?” The conversation above shows that Daddy employs positive politeness strategy 10, namely offer or promise. Daddy feels sorry of disappointing his children by not spending their summer holiday at the house at Polseath. The children wish to go to Polseath, but their parent has a plan about going to Scotland. Daddy tries to ensure the children that they will get another place for their holiday. When Daddy look at his children in a great disappointment, he says “ Cheer up! I dare say we’ll find somewhere else just as good for you”. Daddy employs this strategy because he is influenced by payoff factor. Daddy can minimize the FTA by assuring him. He considers himself to be of same kind that he likes the children and wants to fulfill the children’s wants. Thus, the children do not angry with him. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Daddy, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 10, offer or promise.

In this case, Daddy promises that he tries to find another place for his children spending their summer holiday. It indicates that Daddy appreciates them. 2. Anne: “ Are there cliffs and rocks and sands there? Is it a nice place?” Daddy: “ I don’t remember it very well. But I feel sure it’s an exciting kind of place. Anyway, you’ll love it! It’s called Kirrin Bay. Your Aunt Fanny has lived there all her life, and wouldn’t leave it for anything.” The conversation above shows that Daddy employs positive politeness strategy 10, namely offer or promise. Daddy feels sorry of disappointing his children by not spending their summer holiday at the house at Polseath. The children wish to go to Polseath, but their parent has a plan about going to Scotland. Daddy tries to ensure the children that the new place will be exciting. When Daddy looks at his children in an excitemeny, he says “ I don’t remember it very well. But I feel sure it’s an exciting kind of place. Anyway, you’ll love it!” Daddy employs this strategy because he is influenced by payoff factor. Daddy can minimize the FTA by assuring him. He considers himself to be of same kind that he likes the children and wants to fulfill the children’s wants.

Thus, the children do not angry with him. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Daddy, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 10, offer or promise. In this case, Daddy promises that the new place suit to his children spending their summer holiday. It indicates that Daddy appreciates them. 3. Dick: “ Oh Daddy, do telephone to Aunt Fanny and ask her if we can go there! I just feel as if it’s the right place somehow. It sounds sort of adventurous!” The conversation above shows that Dick employs positive politeness strategy 4, namely using in-group identity markers, an address forms. Dick orders his father to call Aunt Fanny by saying “ Oh Daddy, do telephone to Aunt Fanny and ask her if we can go there!”. He uses the imperative in a polite way. He uses the address form ‘ daddy’ to address his father. Dick employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Dick could minimize the threat by assuring his father that he considers himself to be ‘ of the same kind’, that he likes him. Thus, he can avoid tension that might happen between them. Dick uses address form ‘ daddy’ in order to make their distance smaller.

Thus, his father will do his order easily. The second is circumstances. It includes social distance. Dick’s father is older than Dick. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Dick, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 4, using in-group identity markers, an address form. In this case, Dick wants to minimize order to his father. He wants to get closer by using group identity marker. He addresses his father ’daddy’. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied. 4. Mother: “ Well, you’ll soon be doing it (with a laugh). Remember to put ready any toys or books you want, won’t you? Not many, please, because there won’t be a great deal of room.” The conversation above shows that Dan employs positive politeness strategy 9, namely assert or presuppose the speaker’s knowledge of and concern for the hearer’s wants. Mother employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Mother can avoid or minimize the debt of FTAs because he permits the children to bring their toys. Thus, they can enjoy the summer by playing those.

The second factor is circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that they have good relationship, since they are mother and children. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Mother, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 9, namely assert or presuppose the speaker’s knowledge of and concern for the hearer’s wants.. She wants to show that she know what the children wants. 5. Mother: “ Yes. But not yet. It’s only eleven o’clock. We shan’t have lunch till at least half-past twelve, Anne.” The conversation above shows that Mother employs positive politeness strategy 6, namely avoid disagreement by token agreement. Mother chooses to say ‘ yes’ rather than ‘ no’. Therefore, the Anne’s positive face is fulfilled because he feels that her opinion is not wrong Mother employs this strategy because she is influenced by payoff factor. Mother could minimize the threat by assuring Anne that she considers herself to be ‘ of the same kind’, that she wants to satisfy her positive face. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Mother, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 6, avoid disagreement, token agreement. In this case Mother, does want to be seen that he disagrees with Anne. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants has been fulfilled and satisfied. 6. Anne: “ Oh! (in surprise) Then who are you?”

George: “ I’m George. I shall only answer if you call me George. I hate being a girl. I won’t be. I don’t like doing the things that girls do. I like doing the things that boys do. I can climb better than any boy, and swim faster too. I can sail a boat as well as any fisher-boy on this coast. You’re to call me George. Then I’ll speak to you. But I shan’t if you don’t.” The conversation above shows that George employs positive politeness strategy 14, namely assume or assert reciprocity. George thinks that it is a right time to make a closer relationship with Anne. George employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. George wants to minimize the FTA by assuring Anne that she considers himself to be the same kind, that she likes her and wants her wants. The second is social distance between the George and Anne. They are cousin, but never meet, so that their relationship is not close. George wants to get closer to Anne. Thus, they can have a close relayionship. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, George, has applied the positive politeness strategy. The applied strategy is the strategy 14, namely assume or assert reciprocity.

George (speaker) wants to interact with Anne (hearer). She uses reciprocal rights because it can soften the FTAs (request the hearer to cooperate) so that the hearer’s positive face has been fulfilled. 7. George: “ You’re nice. I’m glad you’ve come after all. Let’s take a boat out this afternoon and row round the island to have a look at the wreck, shall we?” The conversation above shows that George employs positive politeness strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. He tries to convey that both George and his friends are cooperating in the relevant activity and also including them to take a look the goal of their adventure. It can minimize the FTA (request) to his friends. Hence, His friends are satisfied because George has appreciated them. George employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. George wants to minimize FTA by assuring him that he likes his friends and wants to fulfill their want. The second is the circumstances.

The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are friends or cousins. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, George, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. In this case, George includes his friends to do the same activity. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied. 8. Anne: “ Well, I think it’s a perfectly lovely place. Perfectly and absolutely lovely!” The conversation above shows that Anne employs positive politeness strategy 2, namely exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer). George shows Anne the scenery of the island. Anne perceives by saying “ Well, I think it’s a perfectly lovely place. Perfectly and absolutely lovely!” The word ‘ lovely’ indicates the exaggeration. It shows that Anne saves George‘ s positive face. Anne employs this strategy because she is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Anne wants to satisfy George. She wants to minimize the FTA by assuring George. She considers himself to be of same kind that she likes her and wants to fulfill her wants.

The second is circumstances. Concerns with social distance, it shows that they have close relationship. In order to make her cousin feel happy, she exaggerates her sympathy. Anne and George are cousin. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Anne, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely strategy 2, exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with hearer). In this case Anne wants to save George’s positive face to be appreciated. Thus, the hearer’s (George) positive wants has been fulfilled and satisfied. 9. Dick: “ Let’s have our dinner! We can’t do anything much while this storm lasts.” The conversation above shows that Dick employs positive politeness strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. He tries to convey that both Dick and his friends are cooperating in the relevant activity. It can minimize the FTA (request) to his friends. Hence, His friends are satisfied because Dick has appreciated them. Dick employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Dick wants to minimize FTA by assuring him that he likes his friends and wants to fulfill their want.

The second is the circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are friends or cousins. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Dick, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. In this case, Dick includes his friends to do the same activity. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied. 10. Dick: “ Well, why don’t they let Julian and George come up and tell us then?

There’s something wrong, I know there is” The conversation above shows that Dick employs positive politeness strategy 13, namely ask for reason. Dick employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Dick wants to minimize FTA by assuring him that he likes Anne and wants to fulfill Anne’s want. The second is the circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are brothers. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Dick, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 13, ask for reason. In this case, Dick asks reason rather than gives Anne suggestion because sometimes suggestion can damage hearer’s positive face. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied. 11. Anne: “ Let’s see if we can find it”

The conversation above shows that Anne employs positive politeness strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. She tries to convey that both Anne and his friends are cooperating in the relevant activity and also including them to take a look the goal of their adventure. It can minimize the FTA (request) to her friends. Hence, her friends are satisfied because Anne has appreciated them. Anne employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Anne wants to minimize FTA by assuring him that she likes her friends and wants to fulfill their want. The second is the circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are friends or cousins. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Anne, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. In this case, Anne includes her friends to do the same activity.

Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied. 12. Father: “ Well, of course you can have him! (Tim came right into the room at once) The conversation above shows that Father employs positive politeness strategy 15, giving gifts to hearer (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation). George wishes to keep Timothy. He highly expects that his father will permit it. Father employs this strategy because he is influenced by payoff factor. Father could minimize the threat by assuring George that he considers himself to be ‘ of the same kind’, that he wants to satisfy her positive face. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Mark, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 15, giving gifts to hearer (goods, sympathy, understanding, cooperation). In this case, Mark understands with Carter’s need and fulfills his wants to join in Sport America magazine. 13. Julian: “ Golly! (his eyes shining) That would be marvelous. Will you really take us tomorrow? Come on, let’s tell the others!”

The conversation above shows that Julian employs positive politeness strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. He tries to convey that both Julian and his friends are cooperating in the relevant activity. It can minimize the FTA (request) to his friends. Hence, His friends are satisfied because Julian has appreciated them. Julian employs this strategy because he is influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. Julian wants to minimize FTA by assuring him that he likes his friends and wants to fulfill their want. The second is the circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are friends or cousins. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Julian, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 12, namely includes both the speaker and the hearer in the activity. In this case, Julian includes his friends to do the same activity. Thus, the hearer’s positive wants have been fulfilled and satisfied.

14. Father: “ You shall have it, my dear! (slipping his arm round George, much to her surprise). Just say what it is- and even if it costs a hundred pounds you shall have it!” The conversation above shows that Father employs positive politeness strategy 4, namely using in-group identity markers, an address forms. Father praises George by saying “ You shall have it, my dear!”. Father employs this strategy because he is influenced by payoff factor.. Father could minimize the threat by assuring George that he considers himself to be ‘ of the same kind’, that he wants to satisfy her positive face. Father addresses his daughter ‘ my dear’ in order to safe her positive face. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, Father, has applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 4, using in-group identity markers, an address form. In this case, Father appreciates his daughter. 15. Children: “ Aunt Fanny, where’s Uncle Quentin? We have something important to tell him!” “ Mother, we’ve had such an adventure!”

“ Aunt Fanny, we’ve an awful lot to tell you! We really have!” The conversation above shows that the children employs positive politeness strategy 3, namely intensify interest to hearer. They employ strategy 3 in order to claim common ground with Aunt Fanny. They delivers this strategy by showing their excitement. It is completed with the real example so that Aunt Fanny will be interested and involved in the story deeply. The children employ this strategy because they are influenced by some factors. The first is payoff. They want to minimize FTA by assuring Aunt Fanny that they like her and wants to fulfill her want. The second is the circumstances. The social distance between the participants shows that their relationship is close since they are family. From the explanations above, it can be concluded that the speaker, The children, have applied the positive politeness strategy, namely the strategy 3, namely intensify interest to hearer. In this case, the children want to satisfy Aunt’s positive face. They consider them to be of same kind that they like Aunt and want to fulfill Aunt’s wants. It can minimize the FTA to Aunt so that he feels satisfied.

V. Reference

Blyton, Enid. Famous Five 01: Five On A Treasure Island. Islamabad: Shahid Riaz. Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C. 1987 [1978]. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fasold, Ralph W. 1996. The Sociolinguistics of Language. Cambridge: Blackwell. Gartside, L. 1986. Modern Business Correspondence. Jakarta: Bimapura Aksara. Rahardi, Kunjana, 2005. Pragmatik: Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga. Thomas, Jenny. 1995. Meaning in Interaction: an Introduction to Pragmatics. New York: Longman Group Limited. Yule. George. 1996. Pragmatics. Hawaii: Oxford University Press. http://en. wikipedia. org./wiki/pragmatics

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Politeness_theory