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Phage as cancer curing agent essay

Bacteriophage DISPLAY is a procedure by which a peptide or a protein is expressed as an exterior merger to a surface protein of a phage atom. The peptide or protein sequence can be deduced from its encoding DNA sequence that resides in the phage atom or in a transductant. Amplification of the Deoxyribonucleic acid of involvement can take topographic point by phage/transductant extension or by polymerase concatenation reaction PCR. By bring forthing big sum of phage atoms, each showing a alone peptide or protein peptide and protein libraries can be obtained. The peptides or proteins interacting with defined molecular marks ( most frequently proteins ) can be isolated from such libraries by enrichments through repeated rhythms of panning.

So, the phage show can be regarded as a hunt engine of protein-target interaction. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that have no native affinity to mammalian cells. But we can surprisingly genetically reengineered to expose peptides mergers to surface proteins that can acknowledge and adhere to our mammalian cells. Oligonucleotide sequences encoding for foreign peptides are cloned into phage coat protein cistrons ensuing in combinative libraries of one million millions of different phage ringers exposing encoded peptides on their surfaces. This phage show libraries can be easy screened against assorted biological marks including the integral mammalian cells to give binding molecules with coveted target-specific features. Even the cell-specific peptides indentified through phage show can be used as bringing medieties for building of cistron therapy vectors, liposomes, or targeted drugs to morbid cells in many kinds of upset including the malignant neoplastic disease. PHAGES AGAINST BRAIN TUMORS: Malignant encephalon tumours are really hard to handle because they are heterogeneous, migrate far into next indispensable encephalon normal tissues, are immune to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and besides protected by the blood encephalon barrier.

The phage show might be so much effectual against this fatal status by following agencies.

  1. Bacteriophages can optimise the targeted bringing platforms to malignant encephalon cells utilizing the cell specific peptides.
  2. The emerging of phage investigations for profiling of encephalon tumours in single patients and so doing the personalized intervention based on the profiles of these tumours.
  3. To place the aiming peptides for encephalon malignant neoplastic disease root cells and affinity isolations of the corresponding cell-specific biomarkers for the specific anti-cancer immunotherapy.
  4. To place the peptides that cross the blood encephalon barrier for the effectual drug bringing to the malignant encephalon cells.

The immense advantage of phages over the engineerings aiming the tumours utilizing the natural ligands or antibodies is that phage show can place specific binders to both known and unknown biomarkers every bit good as non immunogenic marks while the other engineerings can merely aim to cognize biomarkers. PHAGE-DERIVED DELIVERY SYSTEMS TO BRAIN TUMORS: Using phage show methods, encephalon tumour specific peptides and many researches have been identified the encephalon tumours specific peptides.

The most of import consequence from these research were that the peptides were glioma specific and could selectively present different ladings including Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules, liposomes, and cytotoxic agents to glioma cells. The research showed that the bacteriophages themselves can be used to build the cell-specific cistron bringing vectors. The phages transporting eucaryotic look cassettes in their genome have the ability to intercede transgene look in several types of mammalian cells. The other lucky fact is that the phages have been infused in worlds with no evident toxicity or side effects or immune reactions. PHAGE PROBES FOR BRAIN TUMOR Profiling: Cell surface molecules that are specific to malignant neoplastic diseases cells are really good marks for anti malignant neoplastic disease interventions. Very selective bringing to these marks will acquire really effectual anti malignant neoplastic disease agents minimising side effects. For this ground, the study of cell-surface markers becomes the cardinal to curative success. Bacteriophage show can be used for designation of proteins and peptides that recognize specifically and adhere to cell-surface marks.

Man-made peptides with cell adhering sequences or whole phage atoms transporting such peptides have the potency for functioning as investigations for profiling cell surfaces of malignant neoplastic disease specimens doing the therapy result more predictable. Unlike antibodies, phage investigations can be besides developed for unknown and non antigenic cell surface markers. Probes which are designed to acknowledge the malignant neoplastic disease specific surface markers can be applied to profile specimens from biopsies or tissues removed at surgery from the patients. When tumour and normal encephalon subdivisions were probed with the labelled showing glioma-specific peptides, staining was observed on tumour subdivisions but normal encephalon tissue parts showed no staining. This consequence validated the specificity of the phage investigations. PERSONALIZED CANCER TREATMENT WITH PHAGE: The design of the scheme is to fit peptides drugs to the molecular profiles of single tumours.

This includes the usage of phage investigations for cell-surface molecular profiling of single tumours followed by cytotoxic interventions formulated on the footing of the tumour profile. Cell-targeting peptides transporting phages are indentified utilizing the surgical specimens and biopsies from multiple malignant neoplastic disease patients and placed into the bank of phage investigations. The bank of ( cytotoxic plus aiming ) peptides is besides created in analogue. Then the molecular profiles of the single tumours are established by utilizing theses phage investigations. The patient particular ( single tumour particular ) combination of the drugs from the bank of peptide drugs is prepared based on the molecular profiles and so the patient is treated with this extremely specific personalized intervention.

This method has a great potency for the effectual malignant neoplastic disease killing agents for each person without harming to any normal tissues.

NEW APPROACH AND TARGETS OF PHAGE DISPLAY AND BRAIN TUMORS

WHY encephalon malignant neoplastic disease recurs? ? Very recent surveies showed that merely a little part of the tumour cells have true tumorigenic and limitless proliferative potency. The encephalon malignant neoplastic disease root cell is the one which shows

  1. Immune to radiation and chemotherapy
  2. Ability to migrate which is the factor straight associated with the encephalon tumour cell invasion and migration into next normal tissues

So, They postulated that even though the chemotherapy can kill the tumour cells, the staying portion of the tumour root cells which is more immune to the therapy is really of import portion of the recurs of the encephalon malignant neoplastic diseases.

The current end is to place the encephalon malignant neoplastic disease cells specific markers and proteins and so selectively aim these root cells without the injury to normal encephalon cells. Phage show can be used as to place aiming molecules and markers that distinguish the encephalon malignant neoplastic disease root cells from their normal parts.

Mention:

  1. Bacteriophage in DISPLAY, HJORN H LINDQVIST Text book of the bacteriophage, Oxford university 2nd edition 2006 Bacteriophage in Display Page 686
  2. HORACE T. ADAMS CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN BACTERIOPHAGE RESEARCH 2009 EDITION Phage show in encephalon tumour research pg 237-245
  3. Smith GP Filamentoivus merger phagem fresh look vectors that display cloned antigens on the viron surface Science 1985 228 1315-1317
  4. Harrison text book of Practice of Medicine, USA 6th edition
  5. Souriau C Chiche L Irving R, Hudson, P new adhering specificities derived from Min23 a little cystine-stabalized peptides tissues
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