2500 Words Essay Samples

General kornilov’s attempt to seize power in 1917

The lack of trust and doubt amongst each other Kerensky's failure to read the mood of the situation he was in and overestimating his and general disorganisation were also the reasons for the coup's failure. 147 [26]Ascher, The Kornilov Affair, p.

To kill a mockingbird paper

Harper Lee has deliberately chosen to have the setting of the book long after the American Civil War to make the theme of prejudice clear, by emphasizing the fact that people still had a great deal of prejudice, even in the 1930's. This shows how strong prejudice is, in the minds of Maycomb County's residents, β†’

Fitness business analysis

The aim of the report is to analyse the position of Fitness Express, a business consisting fourteen fitness clubs and recommend Steve Taylor and Dave Courteen on how they can improve the business over the next five years. Thus by analyzing the external influences and the strengths and weaknesses of the business, a conclusion will β†’

Uninsured working poor: in search of affordable quality healthcare essay sample

Demographics of the uninsured The distribution of access to health care is not even in the whole nation. The importance attached to this productive segment of the population can be viewed in term of the model of our health care system where employees have been contributing to the health insurance of their employee.

Editorial: linguistic influences on mathematics

Here we want to distinguish several linguistic levels at which numerical processing may be influenced, according to which we group the articles in our special issue: Conceptual: Conceptual properties of language Syntactic: The grammatical structure of languages beyond the word level influences Semantic: The semantic meaning or existence of words Lexical: The lexical composition of β†’

History of music – an overview

The appearance of composers, made music, and the creation of the instruments such as the piano and lute. The technique of printing music, while slow to evolve, helped in the " preservation and distribution" of music and musical ideas.

Reflections on practice plans submitted

Many of the kids' bad habits came out at the start as there was little movement and the kids had difficulty with the rules of the game. From the very start, things were a struggle as we tried to get the kids to focus on making good passes, with the correct part of the foot, β†’

Which consideration are most incongruent with common essay

In addition the contradiction intrinsic in the judgements of Stilk and Williams has twisted the area of consideration and created confusion as to what would be common sense and commercial practice. It also argues that all promises should be enforceable, nevertheless the doctrine of consideration is a feature that prevents this from happening in order β†’

Turbocharger technology vs crdi in diesel engine engineering essay

Because the pressure in the atmosphere is no more than 1 atm, there ultimately will be a limit to the pressure difference across the intake valves and thus the amount of airflow entering the combustion chamber. The speed and thus the output pressure of the turbo is controlled by the wastegate, a bypass which shunts β†’

Gender gap in rates of offending

In other words when men and boys have been seen as the ' normal subjects' in criminology the girls and women have attracted the attention of criminology only as a special category that allegedly explains the gender nature of crime. The structure of the crime committed by women is a reflection of their position, and β†’

Ethics, justice, and fair treatment in hr management assignment

Ethics refers to what you stand for whereas fairness and justice are seen in terms of a decision's result and the process of arriving at the same. They include: the boss: the company; the organizational culture aided by a code of ethics; and the person themselves.Ill.

Responsible business assignment

I have chosen to examine the effect of globalisation on Manchester United Football Club in the United Kingdom. Overall I hink globalisation has had a positive impact on Manchester United and this has enabled them to become the most recognised sporting team in the world.

Organizational change in lenovo group

Focusing on the issue of management of change in the organization, this essay attempts to take use of the relevant concepts to research and analyze the issue of change within a real organization. The nature and type of change, and the triggers for change in Lenovo will be identified respectively.

Young workers’ job satisfaction

The thesis defines job satisfaction and fulfillment and justifies the importance of the study. All these problems justify the analysis of job satisfaction and fulfillment among young workers in their first full-time jobs.

Training and development issues in multinational companies

Expatriate failure is argued to be the inability of the expatriate to undertake effectively the international assignment, with the consequence of being fired or recalled to home, therefore it is crucial to identify the ways to reduce and eliminate such failures. In the international literature the group of international training that has received more attention β†’

Ethnographic methods in qualitative research

Ethnography is used to represent the study of realism through knowledge and experiences, and the understanding of human behaviour, and in addition It consists of debates on the emergence of today's society. The outline of the study where the structural deviations linked with the implementation of the quality and outcomes has shown the ways that β†’

Case-study: trap-ease america

I will show the importance of creating and following a proper marketing strategy, and where this company went wrong, Ana now It can Content Once an idea is in place, and a company is ready to start up with a product that has been funded, there are some initial fundamental steps that must be followed β†’

Malcolm calls macbeth and lady macbeth “this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen”

A message arrives with the news that Duncan plans to spend the night in the Castle and, by the time her husband enters, Lady Macbeth has already prepared her mind for the murder of Duncan, Macbeth wavers but Lady Macbeth's resolution is absolute. She addresses him as he had been addressed by the witches and β†’

Linguistic diversity in france

These dialects became clearly split between the ninth and the thirteenth centuries forming the dialectical divisions of France: the langues d'oil in the North and the langues d'oc in the south. Although Francien had spread and was an important language in the country, the vast majority of the inhabitants of France had no knowledge of β†’

The labour ordinance of sabah law employment essay

Under the Common Law, since all employees in the UK works under a contract of employment with their employer, the common law forms the legal basis of the employer/employee relationship. While maybe an agency worker not be an employee of either the employment business or the hirer, some case law has establish that in few β†’

Cpte test 1-3 questions. and answers

What do these vectors form? A.a bitmap graphicB.a zipped fileC.a wireframeD.all of the aboveC.a wireframe Which of the following is the technique for adding light and shadows to a 3-D image? A.renderingB.ray tracingC.wireframeD.rasterize Which of the following file extensions is NOT a vector graphic? A.svgB.epsC.tifD.aiB.eps Digital audio is stored in a variety of file formats, β†’

Solving public demands by following the mandatory stages of creating a public policy

As public policy is not only a piece of black and white written paper, it is also a must for the policy to be implemented to the ground which shows that actions are taken to the public. Not only that limited resources such as the limited funds and capital contributes to projects or public policy β†’

An analysis of sex tourism: issues and critique

Martin state that, look back to the history the first signs of sex tourism began to appear on first and second World Wars through of the soldiers who needs a place to relax and recreate after a long walk and trajectories in camps. The impacts arise when changes in the cultural v Globalization in the β†’

Acl reconstruction surgery

The function of the ACL is to provide stability to the knee and minimize stress across the knee joint: * It restrains excessive forward movement of the lower leg bone in relation to the thigh bone. A tear to the anterior cruciate ligament results from overstretching of this ligament within the knee.* It's usually due β†’

Difference between internet intranet and extranet examples

The Trading Process Network is a technology that integrates the Internet, Intranet and Extranet into a package to revolutionist the way business is done. The challenge is to resolve issues in the context of the new Internet reality.

Tertiary sector of the economy finance essay

The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry. The tertiary sector of the economy is one of the three economic sectors, the others being the secondary sector and the primary sector.

Introduction “provide internet accessing services” in the year

The paper will look into the history of internet usage in the country, the censorship, effects of the censorship on people's creativity and the war against government censorship of internet usage in china. With the development of the country's first browser in the year 1994 and subsequent move by the government to " provide internet β†’

Certificate of univesity internship completion

Consideration is employment retention is related to the efforts of employers in retaining the employees in their workforce. In the present era of competition andglobalizationthere is a need to pay attention towards the employees motivation and retention in order to achieve growth and success and developing such a workenvironmentwhere employees enjoy their work and give β†’

Models of health for obesity intervention

This essay aims to discuss and explore policies, biopsychosocial model and contribution of therapies to health and wellbeing with reference to Troy Public health Public health refers to the methods of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts and informed choices of society, organisations, public and private, communities and individuals. The focus β†’

English 203

This subversive tone, like the choice of spiritual over physical love, defies the woman's conventional role as the silent object of male adoration and creates the role of a woman lover who exists as a person in her own right. Trifles by Susan GlaspellShe shows the innocence of small children and the cruelty of the β†’

Morocco college essay

It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the north and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The Rif, a group of mountains in the far north, are sometimes included in the Atlas chain The Sahara lies east and south of the Atlas Mountains.

Going digital with email marketing marketing essay

As a result, the business community has recognized the reach of the internet throughout the world and is aggressively seeking ways to harness the power for greater financial gain more than ever. By analyzing your readers' actions, you have the ability to refine your email approach and provide your reader with more relevant and diverse β†’

The prevention of the stock market crash economics essay

To understand the Great Depression we first must look back at the economy prior to that time." For most Americans the stock market crash of 1929 has become the symbol marking the beginning of the Great Depression. 54 In the years leading up to the stock market crash, the stock market had gained much popularity β†’

Key human resource activities of reliance telecommunications commerce

The success of Human Resources Management is in the connexion of all HR procedures as they provide the equal supports to workers and the directors. So the chief purpose of Human Resource Management is to maintain the human capital ready for action on the market and the rational grouping of HR Processes helps to interact β†’

Developmental process in city life

At the beginning of the process we did not have a set group however Conor, Ellen, Sinead and I decided to stay in the group we were in as we all felt that we were able to work together well. The second idea we tried out was the fantasy idea as we thought that due β†’

Sir alex ferguson leadership principles of management management essay

It is demonstrated by the fact that he was able to lead each team he managed to great results through his 38 years managing career, even if the team is in the worst positions, before he started managing it. The central idea of the theory is that the leadership style is about what the leader β†’

The effect of processing condition

The pH for uncooked control and cooked control are 5. The ash for uncooked control and cooked control are 2.

The terror watch list database troubles continue

So inside the government they have to bring watch list matching process and must solve false issues where ordinary passengers have to explain that they are not the person on the The other benefit of the list is: it is convenient way to supply information's to the government process of collecting terrorist details. The terror β†’

Tesla is the wave of the future essay sample

First, Tesla is selling cars to people who love the experience of owning and driving the Model-S. According to my opinion, Tesla Motors is challenger in the market with other companies.

Agriculture industry linkage and development

He says that " agriculture and industry being integral component of development process due to their mutual interdependence and symbiotic relationship, the contribution of agriculture to the economy in general and to industry in particular is well known in almost all the developing countries". He points out that we can see the increase of the β†’

Reflection on professional practice development in the classroom

Problematic student behaviour in the classroom can be a leading cause of stress for both teacher and pupils within the lesson, causing disruption to the flow of the lesson and in turn having an impact on progress being made. However, I know that a good teacher changes their style of teaching to fit the pupils β†’

Organizational structure of coca cola

The Coca Cola company is able to respond and interact with the needs of a changing market by introducing new products which are in demand in certain areas. Quality control is a key component to achieving growth and globalization of the Coca-Cola Company.

Analysing the traditional approach to quality management

Other more Dimension of Quality: Quality of design: The design of the merchandise must be such fulfilling the demands of the clients. The duty of guaranting the merchandise quality lied with the quality control section but by and large the quality directors used to describe straight to production directors or the works director.

Ce assignment

I Table of content I I Introduction I 2 Content I The Finance Field I 4-5 Brief Introduction of software and Computer Software used in Finance field 6-7 Brief Introduction of hardware and Computer Hardware used in Finance field 8-9 Brief Introduction of Communication capabilities and its uses in Finance field 1 101 Hypothetical business β†’

Nirs-measured prefrontal cortex activity in neuroergonomics: strengths and weaknesses

In the same vein, the possibility of conducting experiments with the subjects in a sitting or standing position is a specific advantage of NIRS, since lying down in the magnet has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subject drowsiness and so the level of attention. Firstly, the PFC is well-known as being involved in β†’

Endodontic management of a mandibular second premolar

Endodontic Management of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Roots and Three Root Canals with the Aid of Cone beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report Abstract: Aberrations and diversity in the number of root & canal anatomy are most commonly seen especially in the permanent dentition. A thorough understanding and knowledge on the presence of β†’

Unit 15 application of biotechnology: assignment 3: enzyme technology

Place the test tube containing the beads and a test tube containing 2cm3 of milk into a water bath of 30 C and wait until they have reached the temperature of the water bath.7. Then pour the milk in the test tube into the test tube with the beads and start the stopwatch immediately.8.

Carnival cruise line essay sample

2001 Carnival introduces a new class of vessel with the launch of the 88, 500-ton Carnival Spirit, the first new " Fun Ship" ever positioned in the Alaska and Hawaii markets 2002 A second " Spirit-class" vessel, the Carnival Pride, is launched Carnival's third " Spirit-class" ship, Carnival Legend, enters service Debut of the 110, β†’

Mnc multinational corporation

The major differences among the products of the companies are the quality and quantity of the products and the capital requirement for the products. The products of the company become known to the customers because of these significant differences and they are responsible for the growth and revenue of the company.

Process essay sample will give you a clue how to make your work an excellent one

It is the part that manages the arrangement of all the techniques implemented to collect information and how the concrete study has been accomplished by the author. The whole process after that should be written in the accurate chain and in a reasonable manner and offered to the audience so that the person who will β†’

Good example of research paper on britannia bridge on the border of staffordshire

Suspsension bridges have been around for quite a long time but the first one ever built was the Britannia Bridge which has been renamed as the Menai Suspension Bridge and is a suspension bridge which begins on the island of Anglesey and connects the mainland of Wales. The famed engineer Thomas Telford was given the β†’

History essays – napoleons italian campaign

Napoleon's ability to inspire his men was an important element of victory in the campaign and with a view to a political future, gave an indication of his understanding of man's psychology. The Italian campaign was a window of opportunity for Napoleon to mark his mark.

Waste management strategy in the uk environmental sciences essay

According to John et al landfill tax was established in 1996 to help promote a more sustainable way to waste management, however, it was implemented in the UK, and artificially it raised the cost of waste disposal encouraging local authorities to readdress their waste management strategy to total waste reduction, reuse, recycle in order to β†’

Museum of tolerance: a place of anne frank’s life story

The visit to this Museum has helped me learn and gave me a clear view of the Holocaust and the victims. There are metered spots for parking in this front of the temple and also a private lot in the back of the temple.

River islands internationalization strategies economics essay

This would mean that a greater percentage of the JV's profits in India would have to be given to the government in the form of taxes. Globus would however, ensure that demand in India is at its maximum as it would know how to market and promote the JV's fashion brands.

Proton automobile malaysia analysis

The automotive industry in Malaysia is one of the most important and strategic industry in the development of Malaysia's economy and transforming Malaysia into industrialized nation. The overprotection of the Malaysia government to Proton has caused many problem to national automobile industries' development, on the other hand, liberalization to domestic automobile market is believed will β†’

“the birds” by alfred hitchcock essay sample

She is the focus of the camera shot and so you can get the idea that she is going to be the main character in this section. The birds do not make a sound in this section as the featured sound is that of the children's.

Example nursing essay

Recent years have seen the development of a number of new theories and approaches to loss and grief. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss.

Trends in new homes construction essay

The existent estate agents acts as a go-between between the purchaser and the marketer to guarantee that the procedure of reassigning the belongings from the marketer to the purchaser is done after finishing of all necessary appraisals and fulfilling that the belongings belongs to the consumer. What matters a batch is to guarantee that new β†’

The 7 deadly sins and 7 cardinal virtues essay

The Roman Catholic Church divided sin into two principal categories: " venial", which are relatively minor, and could be forgiven through any sacrament of the Church, and the more severe " capital" or " mortal" sins, which, when committed, destroyed the life of grace, and created the threat of eternal damnation unless either absolved through β†’

Evidence-based practice in wound cleansing

The essay also selects an aspect of practice that is relevant to adult nursing, namely the use of water vs.saline for wound cleansing, provides a rationale for choosing that aspect within the context of evidence based practice, and, drawing on practice experience and examples of approbate evidence, discusses the extent to which the aspect of β†’

Floods: causes and consequences essay sample

The flood plain, including the back-swamp, is extremely important in the natural process of flooding." If a flood is defined as flow in excess of channel capacity, then the flood plain's role is to store the excess flow until it can be accommodated by the channel". The Great Flood of 1993 would seem to be β†’

Are cif contract of sale of goods a sale of documents?

These include: The nature of a CIF contract, the main documents which completes the CIF contract of sale, the concept of passing of property and risk in a CIF contract of sale, the duties of the buyer and the seller in a CIF contract of sale, High Seas Sale and its concept in a CIF β†’

Prescriptive and descriptive schools of strategy business essay

Over the years the studies show that the aim and objectives specify the quantity and targets and goals towards the leadership and the effort, the investment of the resources, the abilities to be directed such that the aims and strategic intent is achieved. The major requirement of the role of the strategic analysis is the β†’

History essays – marshall plan berlin blockade

Do you agree that the two key episodes in the early evolution of the Cold War were the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Blockade? Second to this, the development of the atomic bomb and its use by the Americans on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a key event in the tenuous build up to the Cold β†’

To what extent were the changes in sanitation main

Mr Clarke believed that the excessive mortality and sickness was to be attributed to the bad condition of the houses that the labouring classes of Bristol lived in, the want of drainage and water; and to the " filthy" state of most of the suburban streets and lanes; also the want of scavenging arrangements in β†’

International business ventures

It is to be hoped that after creating " a picture" of the market, management's analysis of the potential business venture and plan of action will be structured as to avoid losses and to find the most profitable scenarios. Cultural interpretation and adaptation are a prerequisite to the comparative understanding of national and international management β†’

Formal rationality and its implications for capitalist society

In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Marx Weber discusses how the development of a capitalistic spirit is related to the Protestant Reformation and Protestant views. It is fascinating to think about how Weber predicted the path that society would take in the means and ends of capitalism.

The sarbanes–oxley act of 2002: overview and impact

This paper is to develop a deeper understanding of the SOX, how it governs the public corporate, financial disclosure and practice of public accounting in general sense. So, the purpose of the act was to recover the confidence and make tight the government rules and regulations on the companies to keep them under control.

Effects of mobile media on work cultural practices

It has to be admitted that mobile media is participating in and changes everything in people's daily life and work and becomes an essential component of people's life and work. In the digital age of mobile media, asking and answering is just a snap of the fingers.

Indigenous education studies | analysis

Educators must recognise how hard Indigenous people have had to fight and the obstacles they have had to overcome for the basic rights of education and cultural determination, and how policy has dictated for the majority of the last century and a half how they live their lives and how they are educated. The second β†’

Overview of industrialised building system construction essay

If we are reference to the two pilot projects, a performance comparison between the IBS and the conventional system has been carried in terms of cost, productivity, quality, and time. The IBS precast component and system in the housing project was designed to the low cost housing by British Research Establishment and especially for the β†’

No book review: paper on

It's in the rest of the day as well as the rest of the neighborhood that's the big influence, and the big problem," Carter disagrees, he believes it is within the means of the public school system to make improvements for underprivileged children whether they are in the classroom or not. It is an outrage β†’

A research report on gender and classroom interaction

The interaction that goes on in the classroom plays a role in the student understanding of the schooling process. The purpose of my field research was to try to find out the best way to achieve gender equity in student's classroom involvement in order to improve the learning experience in the social science's division.

Models of addiction requiem for a dream

Whereas the end of Pi leaves Max Cohen outside, smiling, looking up at the trees, the protagonists of Requiem all collapse in a gory heap: Tyrone ends up in prison; Harry is stuck in a hospital, his arm amputated; Marion maintains her drug habit by prostituting herself; and Sara is in a psych ward after β†’

Theories of realism for state behaviour explanations

Although there is not a unified set of beliefs of realism, it is considered by all that the international system is an anarchical environment, which is important to incorporate in my essay because it in turn demonstrates how states do not have anyone to adhere to in the international system due to lack of hierarchal β†’

Analysis of the uk book industry

After this situation, in UK and many countries all around the world have been had Law for protect the books such as The Copyright act 1956 the included not only books but also the technological advance like films and broadcasts with the corporation of Berne Convention and the United Kingdom's accession to the Universal Copyright β†’

Crime and deviance

The Functionalist looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society and believes that crime and deviance are an internal part of all healthy societies. Erikson made it clear that the drama of a courtroom, such as the language used the appearance of the barristers and judge and where a certain type of β†’

The grand challenge for psychoanalysis and neuropsychoanalysis: a science of the subject

Crucially, for example, the first intervention tool in mental health is the therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist, and this is more important than the specific technique 3, while in medicine the specific technical interventions are decisive for the treatment. In other words, we would like to point a difference between the constraining role of β†’

Care study on a patient suffering from heart failure essay sample

The aim of this care study is to ascertain whether or not the care that Mr James is receiving is the correct care i.e.the administration of intravenous Furusemide Mr James presented to his G. There is far less pollution in an area in the country, to that in a city, so consequently Mr James has β†’

Introduction of silk industry commerce essay

Silk is the queen of all cloths which is historically one of the most of import industries in India. In nature, Asia is the major maker of silk in the universe and produces in surplus of 95 % of the entireness planetary end product.

Should guns be banned from society? essay sample

According to the National Rifle Association, the second amendment gives American citizens the right to possess and carry a wide range of firearms while those who advocate gun control say that the amendment " was only meant to guarantee to States the right to operate militias". From this, we can assume that the people really β†’

Role and responsibility of media in shaping death penalty

Publishing and describing the negative side of the Black to people, the society and the whole world that the Black is dangerous and ruthless. The invention of social media is to offer the close relationship between people and people, people and society or the whole world.

Characteristics and skills of human services workers assignment

For the human services worker, the essential characteristic of communication, beginning with the art of listening, is the foundation on which the relationship with the client is based. Mentoring presents a timely perspective that may take many years to acquire otherwise Some other essential personal characteristics of the successful human services worker are: Self Discipline- β†’

The role of privatization in improvement of productivity in public sector essay

One major reason that has been given for the support of the role privatization plays in improvement of productivity in Public Sector has been the fact that it is a way of increasing the efficiency of the economy, streamlines the public sector as well as acting as a way of scaling down the borrowing of β†’

Blaine kitchenware, inc.: capital structure

He was elected to the board of directors in 1988 and became Blaine's CEO in 1992, succeeding his uncle. At the end of 2006, Blaine's balance sheet was the strongest in the industry.

Digging to america book written by anne tyler

She phoned the only " Yazdan's" in the phone book, to invite them to a " leaf raking party." Bitsy told Maryam, who was babysitting Susan, that she wanted the girls to know each other, she felt it was important for them to maintain their cultural heritage. He told her the Donaldson's left and it β†’

How the social class shapes organizational thought, actions and culture

The realists believe that a social class does not exist unless the people that are categorized into such class are conscious of it, while the nominalist believe the social class is what the observer determine it to be, not taking into to account the thought and behavior of the people classified in that particular social β†’

Talibinization and the security threat for pakistan politics essay

CID Director Hayden said in March 2008 that the situation on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border " presents a clear and present danger to Afghanistan, to Pakistan, and to the West in general, and the United State in particular". This study enables one to understand the pattern of Talibanization in Pakistan clearly and focuses on the security β†’

What makes an act sexually perverse?

The more important failing of Nagel's account is that if this is what sexual perversion is, there is absolutely no reason why perversion should be a morally loaded concept. Another suggestion, as to what 'natural' means in the context of perversion is this.

World resources – scarcity and conflict

In the 1960s, one photograph changed the way world leaders, scientists and the general population thought about the management of the world's resources. When the first maps of the world were created, many parts of the world were not discovered and therefore because society in that day and age believed in sea creatures and mermaids β†’

Factors affecting survival in patients with brain metastasis

Prognostic factors affecting the survival in patients with brain metastasis: A Retrospective study Abstract Aims: To determine long term survival and prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases who underwent whole brain radiotherapy. The majority of patients who achieved control of cranial metastasis died from progressive extracranial disease whereas the cause of death in most β†’

Compare and contrast the signalman by charles dickens essay

This is achieved with the darkness and isolation portrayed by the railway cutting, as the signalman is cut off from the rest of civilisation. Below there! " The whole phrase is the same as that shouted by the narrator, adding to the mystery of the story.

Pols 104 chapter 12 theories /01.03

Providing Representation: elections are chanells from public to government, because of short of the use of initiatives and the recall electionas are not effective, no microcosm of the larger society 4. Proportional Systems: equal relationship between the seats won by a party and the votes gained in elections: associated with multiparty and coalition gov.*** List β†’

Critique of business plan for smes

Business plans are increasingly being necessary for SMEs leaders in advanced organizations as their leaders search for to broaden strategic judgments throughout the corporation in order to create superior co-ordination through connecting the business plans to different parts of the organization; to leverage on the strategic development of different parts of the total organization; and β†’