1200 Words Essay Samples

Capital punishment should be abolished

Many people think that implementing capital punishment can reduce the number of heinous crime in society due to fear of serious punishment. To conclude, since there are many disadvantages in carrying out capital punishment such as this is against human right, existence of unfair judgment and the effect of death penalty is still doubtful.

Death penalty/capital punishment

The study examined the relationship between the number of executions and the number of murders in the U.S.for the 26-year period from 1979 to 2004, using data from publicly available FBI sources... There seems to be an obvious negative correlation in that when executions increase, murders decrease, and when executions decrease, murders increase... The race →

The factors that led to the decline of the middle ages

The late middle ages were the ending of something old and the beginning of something that most hoped was better. The decline of the middle ages was the result of famine and plague, decline of the papacy, and the hundred year's war. The Conciliar movement, along with the attacks from intellectuals caused →

The images of darkness and disease in macbeth essay sample

Macbeth symbolizes a disease affecting Scotland. Throughout the play, the use of imagery connected with darkness and disease help to create the atmosphere of surrounding evil: Come seeling night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day, And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces →

Free research paper on leading and managing people

Question 1 A good leader must be able to meet the needs of their subordinates in order to ensure that they are motivated to perform well in their jobs, which can lead to an increased productivity or bottom line for the company. With employees who are highly motivated, the leader should have no →

Example of going against the grain: writers taking risks essay

" Tattoos No Longer a Kiss Of Death in the Workplace" When it comes to writers that take risk in the work that they write, Rachel Hennessy has proven that she is not afraid of taking a risk to do her job the way she feels is the best. Her choosing to take a risk →

Business consulting essay sample

Computers on home networks are usually part of a workgroup and possibly a homegroup, and computers on workplace networks are usually part of a domain. In a workgroup: All computers are peers; no computer has control over another computer. There can be thousands of computers in a domain. The computers can be on →

Supply chain management: scm of zara world & albania

Each of them try to find solution how to open new stores around the world and the most important how to sent the products over there. Since ZARA for the moment is one of the most successful it's a great example to study, to see how it is on the top of the list, which →

Cost management essay sample

One of the inventions meant to cut costs is the philosophy of lean accounting, which includes just in time production and total quality management. The aim of this paper is to suggest to Uptown clinic chief administrator on how she can reduce her budgeted cost by $94, 000. →

Lego is still playing, but have the rules changed? essay sample

The History of Lego spans almost 100 years of the existence of a toy that grew from a small wooden playthings in the early 20th century into the center of a vast market of plastic building bricks that dominated the world markets for decades. 2014 The LEGO Group.Web.

Comparing two articles

However, there are those who think otherwise and believe that a " love contract" is ultimately for the best of the company and its workers. David Ritter, in his response, states that " while a love contract cannot guarantee complete insulation from the potential pitfalls of an office romance, it can certainly →

Steve jobs’ leadership style research paper samples

Director of the Leadership Institute at the University of Southern California of Los Angeles Warren Bennis says that this is one of the few cases where the code of the company is wired in the brain of one person. Snobs are not just buying the company's products, but identify themselves with it: watch the news, →

Example of innovation essay

In organizational context, the concept of innovation may be linked to the positive changes in productivity, market share, efficiency, competitiveness, quality, and others. One of the reasons why managers cannot practice or implement innovation in their organizations is the existence of external factors to the organization that are outside their influence of control. The problem →

Company’s best friend

Customer behaviour can be categorised into four basic types, namely Loyalists, Defectors, Mercenaries and Hostages. The Loyalist and the Apostle Most cases the Loyalist is a customer who is completely satisfied and keeps returning to the company. These people are Apostles and quite clearly a company's best friend. The Defector and the Terrorist Dissatisfied customers →

Research paper on scales of measurement

The point is that the data is collected with the numbers used like a label without indicating any order or meaning. Ordinal Scale Ordinal scale is used in ranking objects, people and items in order of their degrees of difference. The scales of measurement used to analyze data are divided into four categories - →

Swot analysis/ foreign market entry: ikea invades america

In order to have better understanding of consumer psychology and problems of students at Beijing University ofTechnology, the study collected the data of students and consumer psychology consumption through questionnaires. Conclusions Overall, the consumption concept of students in Beijing University of Technology is reasonable for they have a reasonable consumer psychology based →

Hypotheses research proposals examples

This can be linked with the management of the two companies showing that Samsung Electronics Vietnam, which has internally appointed CEO, has a better management than Petrolimex with externally appointed CEO. Return on assets This ratio indicates the relationship between net income and total assets. 0778 this is an indicator of lower profitability of →

Free case study on environmental factors that affect hydro-quebec company

Business patterns in the market affected the operation of the management of the company. The ability of a company to plan for the management of its future events makes it viable in the market.

Free research paper on apple inc legal issues

The company has been involved in a number of legal battles in recent times more so with the Korean tech company Samsung. b) Apple Inc.legal issues Apple Inc.has been involved in a legal tussle with the Korean tech company, Samsung, over claims of a breach of its contractual agreement on patents. The law has →

Five guys burgers and fries case study

In addition, they ensure that they provide their customers with fresh food in that everything is made-to-order and nothing is frozen. Three Factors that Contributed to Five Guys' Success Three factors that contributed to Five Guys' success are the quality of their food, their commitment to providing good customer service, and their franchising efforts. →

Free research paper on pipeline process

The workforce efficiency plan needs to identify how the technological advancements have influenced operations in the organization in terms of deciding who to retain, retrench, and retrain. The basic influence of technological advancement in the workforce efficiency plan is determining what positions to retain, which to downsize, and which to develop or retrain. Retention →

Ethics paper (google)

Many faithful Google users praise the company for the ease of use of their products, and for the number of free virtual products the company offers (Google.com, Google+, Gmail, Google Docs, Chrome, Youtube etc..).. In order for Google to offer a variety of " free" virtual products, they must sell ad space →

Strategic management essays example

Therefore, in the strategic decision making of the business, the directors or the board of directors makes strategic decisions for the business. Strategic management of any business is a process which implements the strategic planning of the board of directors. Moreover, this phase of the strategic management process also deals with →

Business and marketing strategies of nutri-basket

Nutri-Basket is a business extension of the parent company Big-Basket, a company on the online retail space which acts as a facilitative platform for farmers and producers to sell its fresh food produce to the Big-Basket consumer under the Big-Basket brand name.Mr. Hari Menon the director and CEO of Big-Basket, India was very intrigued →

Final individual assignment essay sample

We also have someone available to make alterations. Keeping up with the latest dress fashions Getting a bigger building to offer a rental for wedding showers and receptions Before the shop opened we had to think of some external and internal forces and trends that would affect our business. According to How to →

Free case study on the braun kf40: style and substance

There was a conflict between the head of development, who wanted to meet time and cost targets and the lead designer, and stipulated the use of polypropylene, and the lead industrial designer, who came up with a solution that was both cheap and elegant, a non-smooth, ridged design that utilized polypropylene, but maintained Braun's reputation →

Example of airbnb report

There is also the value proposition of the accessibility that the company offers to the customers. This is an important development where customers will have ways in which they will offer the required strengths and the availability of the issues that are associated with the services that are offered. Revenue model - The revenue model →

Good example of case study on swot analysis

The counterperson at Presto Cleaners confirmed the order had been misplaced and promised to find the clothes.Mr. Shelton for coming over on the first day of the computerized system; however, Mr.

Comparative analysis of nike’s advertisements dream crazy and short a guy

Kaepernick refers to a broader topic throughout the ad by arguing that instead of trying to be the fastest runner in a school or in the world, the audience should strive to be the fastest runner ever. In the ad, " Short a Guy, " the boy runs to get a basketball and finds himself →

Good research paper on multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is commonly called encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis and is one of the inflammatory diseases for which the developments of the insulation continues to cover the nerve cells within the brain as well as spinal cord above which they are damaged. MS is normally diagnosed on the basis of presenting →

Corporate finance essay sample

The first question does not give the cash price of the stock hence the comparison is based on the computed cash prices of the present dividend policy as against the change in the amount of cash price of the same stock in the light of change of dividends to be distributed as a result of →

An argument for and against allowing children on facebook

36 , 30-32. In this article the author argues the importance of teaching children at a young age, about technology and the Internet, but also argues that the problems related to permitting school going children to communicate over the internet. The Facebook Paths to Happiness: Effects of the Number of Facebook Friends and Self-Presentation on →

Effectiveness of a brand

Their distinctive brand management has been used to differentiate their products to the point where buyer awareness and corollary car sales have continue to increase annually in many parts of the world. Increased demand for the products of Audi, BMW, and Mercedes may be directly linked to the marketing thrust of the →

Free research paper on fukushima daiichi nuclear plant

As a consequence, this paper seeks to examine the environmental sustainability measures and principles engaged by the company with a view to averting a similar occurrence and indeed promote environmental protection. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant is owned by the Tokyo Electric Company. In this way, energy is released from the splitting of the →

Free order# 211314716 essay example

The only way people can move forward is by constantly striving and this helps me set higher goals that I can reach. Secondly, I want to have my own Supply Chain Company and to make it public in China because my parents are self-employed and I wish to follow in their footsteps. I know that →

Starbucks coffee in malaysia essay sample

As a store manager, below are some tools using in Starbucks which its internal and external environmental analysis been evaluated thru: * PESTLE analysis * Value Chain analysis * SWOT analysis In order to compete with other competitors, have proposed several marketing strategies to the Managing Director, in which Starbucks may →

Case study on foreign direct investment of adidas

Increased FDI activities have enabled Adidas to extend its sponsorship agreements with sports federations and clubs. Speaking of Horizontal versus vertical Foreign Direct Investment to Adidas, the international presence of Adidas and its subsidiaries influences the profitability level for the company. Increased role of Foreign Direct Investment by Adidas in Germany has improved →

Free book review on the missing campus climate debate

In addition to that, a member of an environmental group called Environmental Protection Agency comments that the group is not aware of any effects linked with the tacos corn. A member of the environmental group confirmed that the tacos corn sold in the supermarkets were tested before they found their way to the market. It →

Essay on legal and ethical issues in information technology

Data theft, irresponsible access to sensitive information, and breach of confidentiality are only some of the issues businesses address in the current age of electronics. Legal and Ethical Issues in Information Technology The Association for Computing Machinery and the Institute of Electrical and electronics Engineers →

Pros and cons of interest groups essay

In the United States of America, the interest groups often exist because of the weakness of the political system in which the legislative and the executive branch operate as separate entities. Ultimately, in a nation like USA the quality of policies that is passed by the legislature is impaired and swayed by the wealthy. Interest →

Evaluation of investment opportunities focusing on tesco and sainsburys

Tesco supermarkets have 19 stores in Asia these are located in Thailand and South Korea the sales of these stores rose by 192% to 497 million from 170 million and the operating profit was also up by 50% to from last year. The sales of Tesco supermarkets have also increased to →

Good term paper on causes of enrons collapse

The objective of this paper is to analyze Enron's collapse, focusing on the causes of its collapse, and the government and the economy's response after it, specifically, the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Many investors, economists, and market analysts were left bewildered and confused about what happened to Enron. Part of the market and the →

Creative writing on kondo george

We will therefore, be so glad to be among the first known organization in the larger Australia to come up with new ideas that will definitely transform the corporate world especially in Australian Local Network of Industries. As a strong supporter of this initiative, the HSBC Holdings has actually received a lot of appreciation for →

The classical approach to management essay sample

This approach constitutes the core of the discipline of management and the process of management. Classical management became widespread during the early years of the 20th century. Most of the business owners today rely on the classical approach of management for the building and growth of their companies to success. →

Essay on how to retain top talent

To maintain the top-performing employees, who can conventionally be referred to as top talents, firms should design top talent retention programs considering that this is a key question for the success of a company or any other business enterprise. Firstly, a company needs to come up with a sound strategic talent acquisition strategy that will →

Domino’s pizza company review

This is not to say that they were not taking action, they just were not out there announcing it to the world. Once this seemed not to work out, they made a twitter account to interact with customers who had questions or concerns about the video. If customers do not want to go to the →

Ratio analysis report examples

The results of the calculations show that the company purchases and sells stock almost 19 times in a year. Profitability ratios Assets turnover= salestotal assets= 107962002675250= 4 This ratio is useful to both the management and owners of a business. 06 This is a ratio which is used by the management to →

Good research paper about triumph group, inc

Navy had the opportunity of increasing its revenues and profits because of high performance recorded during that period. - Areas of interest Navy and Triumph have coincident interests in areas of production and maintenance. The amount of orders and revenues maintained by Navy offers the organization an opportunity to seek more contracts with other companies →

Research paper on walmart and its marketing strategies

To achieve this, it is important to increase the customer base and hence increase the volume in order to wring the supplier side constraint and provide the lowest prices to the customers. The threat of any foreseeable increase in competition is low as the entry barrier is high due to the high cost of establishing →

Classical conditioning research paper

Pavlov by the aid of the fistula made a sensational discovery that the dogs would start salivating on a mere sight of empty bowls of food. The major transformation during the Pavlovian conditioning process in the changing of an initially neutral stimulus to conditioned stimulus that produces a similar response like the one produced by →

Importance of ipr in company valuation

The correct and precise assessment of IP is very advantageous in business scenario, which helps in taking management decision largely in the development and marketing of the products and services of an organization. There are few factors to consider while conducting IP valuation, such as, an IP asset should be separately identifiable, specific identification and →

The factors that contribute to the effective use of ipads with pmld pupils.

These potential issues will be factored in to all research. Rationale Despite the rapid advances in the field of specialeducationover the last few decades children with PMLD have continued to present a challenge to teachers and teaching methods. I expect my examination of the field to further support the theory that iPads will improve →

International economic strategies essay samples

It would be also important to consider the economy of the business as well as the money needed to put up the business. The prices of the cookware should in considerate while putting to account the economy of the country and the class of those people.

The business environment essay examples

All these issues put together exerts enormous amount of pressure on businesses and the crucial role that they need to play as the world moves forward towards such trying times. Role of Businesses in the economy Bendrey, Hussey, & West argue that as the world economy moves towards a more urbanized system →

Comprehensive overview of cerner corporation

The UK is the fourth-biggest investor in both the World Bank and the IMF, UK Department for International Development and the Treasury are responsible for managing policy line on World Bank and IMF. Currently, they are negotiating new trade tariffs with EU due to Brexit. The United States is the biggest partner in →

Corporation and partnership

3 * 325, 000 = 97, 500 Leasehold: Answer: are the rights granted to the lessee by the lessor of a lease. Copyright: Answer: Gives its owner the exclusive right to publish and sell a musical or literary work during the life of the creator plus 70 years.

The pepsi generation

Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923 and was later purchased by the Loft Candy Company who tried to sell it to Coca Cola. Pepsi's first jingle was broadcast across the nation in 1940.in 1966 Pepsi is sold in Japan and Eastern Europe for the first time. Price positioning also would not help Coca Cola because →

Good research paper about they jobs

The three interviewees include a tutor, a doctor and the CEO of a communication company. Robert is a mid aged man who graduated from with a degree in teaching and he currently works as a tutor. Roberts's performance is evaluated depending on the results his class records at the end of the year and the →

Cultural challenges of opening a business in haiti research paper

The country is currently the 25th poorest country in the world according to UN's Human Development Report ranking in the year 2010. Cultural Barriers and Differences With regards to the culture, the culture of Haitians could be considered as a very different one when compared with the culture of the citizens of Dominican Republic →

Term paper on real – world leadership

There are several studies which have tried to determine the behavioural and personal traits of leaders in successfully driving change and most of them have been associated with organizational culture, firm performance and well being of the employee. The personal attributes of leaders influence the decisions and choices in the →

Sample essay on budgeting ip5

Lack of controls and monitoring systems can lead to decrease in staff motivation; there is an overall demotivation of staff because of the misuse of funds that are intended to be allocated to important projects of the company. All these risks can lead to poor performance of the business. For a business to do well →

Marketing – colgate greece

Line Extension | Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief| | Colgate Max White| | | Colgate Max Fresh| | | Colgate Time Control| | | Colgate Oxygen| | | Colgate Total| | | Colgate Total Advanced Fresh| | | Colgate Total Plus Whitening| | | Colgate Total Fresh Stripe| | | Colgate Sensitive| | | Colgate Sensitive Whitening| →

Impact of management motivation of employees on staff retention term paper example

Staff retention also improves relation with the clients as they will be accustomed to the same employees and will be able to establish a friendly relationship with them. Management motivation increases the performance of employees because it acts as a form of incentive, however most of the time it is associated with financial increase in →

Holly frontier corporation report examples

The North Sea oil fields being depleted is another key explanation for the divergence in forward prices between Brent and WTI. The pressure on the prices of oil has continued during recent weeks, causing the prices of Brent to drop below 100 dollars per barrel in April 2013. This pushed the US to become a →

Corporate rebranding report example

The authors focused on the results or effects of a corporate rebranding initiative implemented by a telecommunication company where they aimed to determine the employees' perception of how well the current attitudes and behaviors in the company were reflected in the new corporate brand values; whether this perception varied among subgroups within the company; and →

Strategic human capital management essay

The institutional theory stresses on the necessity of organizations conforming to the attitudes, rules and beliefs prevailing in the environment of operation. The theory seeks to understand the complexities of human connections and explores the social and personal factors that may lead to chronic disconnection in the long-run.

Maintaining and improving operations report

To maintain the supply, the company gives emphasis to the quality of the products and flexibility of prices in the products. There is continuous improvement of the technology that helps to reduce traffic and reduce the impact of the problem. Location is another component in the Wal-Mart company because it determines the success of the →

Organizational culture argumentative essay example

1 It Influences the Performance of Employees The organizational culture has a very significant role to play in influencing the performance of employees. It is therefore important for a company's management to be at the forefront in coming with a healthy organizational culture.

Training professionals have a leading role in innovation and change.

The purpose of this essay is to successfully explain the leading role that training professionals have in innovation and change. Nowadays, the role of a training professional is to successfully come up with a program that will improve the performance of a certain work group with the best practices to lead towards innovation and change. →

Marketing strategy of mahindra and mahindra limited (m&m)

It is one of the largest vehicle manufacturers by production in India and the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world. All the offices planted in India is well established and handles the work efficiently. Methodology My fundamental objective in leading quantitative research ponder is to think about and decide the connection between one →

Performance appraisal is it worth it term paper

Generally, an effective performance management system usually have three parts; - Defining performance (Company's Standard, Stipulate what is expected from employees with a focus on important aspects of employees' job). - Measuring performance (Conducting appraisals to determine the employees' quality of work). - Feedback for performance (provide information to employees so that they could be ready to adjust →

Analysis of the hilton hotels essay sample

Hilton Hotels is one of the market leaders in the hotel and gaming industry in the United States. A few of the key issues facing the Hilton Hotels is as follow: The need to better target the needs of customer segments To customize hotel services based on these needs

The company nike research paper examples

The name Nike means the Great Greek God of success and this has helped the company to believe in achievements and not failures. In 1995, the company bought Bauer hockey and later called it Nike Bauer. The Nike town name is associated with the operations of the retail stores which is another source of income →

Good example of marketing plan for abc company essay

Over the years, ABC has been producing healthy, drinking products, and the company's mission and vision tightly focus on the health of the customers nationally and worldwide. On the other hand, the old people need nutrients and vitamins to boost their health. Aged persons do not have an active immune system, →

Us airline industry term paper samples

Examples of these changes are the requirement to advertise the full fare for transparency, and the right to claim for compensation on delayed flights or loss baggage if the airline is at fault. The strong voice of the buyers in the airline industry is considered the main driver in the improvement of quality →

Example of perception project critical thinking

The fans of Beyonce are likely to become the customers to this soft drinks company because they will affiliate with soft drinks during the concerts and tours where Beyonce is involved. During the launch of her songs and videos the concerts are designed and colored with the products of the as well as promotion of →

Free essay on what is erp system architecture

Enterprise architecture provides a holistic approach in addressing the problems encountering the business; this is because enterprise architecture teams provide solutions that address the problems of the business across the board. Solutions to the business are delivered in a more consistent and structured manner to tackle the problems of the business. IT Governance is another →

Research paper on type of market in operation

As the economists term it, the firms tend to expand due to the existence of the economies of scope or the economies of scale or interplay of both the factor in the market. Economy of scale refers to the situation when the marginal cost of production is lesser than the →

Microsoft’s management planning

Along with a brief analysis of Microsoft's history and the impact that legal issues, ethics and corporate socialresponsibilityhave on the planning functions of management. There are different stages of management and within all of them the first function of management, the planning function, is involved. The three factors that influence Microsoft's strategic, operational, and contingency →

Report on solutions for dossia foundation’s web portal development

This proposal seeks to make propositions that can be adopted to enhance the success of the project. Executive Summary This proposal has the following recommendations to counter the issues affecting Dossia foundation: Production of a web portal capable of handling millions of users and the relevant applications and architectures to →

Toyota prius

How well has Toyota dealt with these factors? The micro environmental factors are those forces close to a company, yet outside its internal environmental, that influence the ability of a business to serve its customers, forces such as customers, suppliers, competitors and other business that assistor influence a business's ability to sell, distribute, promote and →

Philippine long distance telephone company and sun cellular

What are the factors that contributed to URC' s success? Some of the factors that contributed URC's success are: Being innovative and aggressive frontrunner in the snackfoodindustry. And that's just to start you off. Because there is still the world beyond Asia.

Free filter case study sample

The decision facing filter, therefore, is whether to invest resources in capacity development for the field they are relatively in-adept at, or improve their market standing in the media and entertainment fields. Literature review According to the case study, The Filter has the task of demonstrating that its algorithms produce the results they portend →

Good article review about history

Add more relevant details to the paper. Article for Review Houston Riot of 1917 Abstract In August 1917, after suffering a string of racial attacks, black members of the Twenty-fourth Infantry's Third Battalion rioted in Houston, killing 15white civilians and four police officers. The blacks soon realized the truth of the matter. →

Essay on research for the first company

The report is in the third section of this paper, which is a report of the findings. Research for the second company The other company that has been chosen is Czech Airlines. It is a different industry, and its choice is meant to give information on the dynamics and →

Example of finance essay

It is thus assumed that the objective is to maximize the wealth of the shareholders. The shareholders should not be the only people to benefit from the progress of the company.

Ryanair swot analysis

Business Management Course Text, AIT Ireland. SWOT analysis of Ryanair Strengths Weaknesses Lowest Cost Base of any European Airline Strong financial performance despite current economic climate Innovation Negative Public Perception Over-reliance on Seasonal trends to increase profit margins Poor customer service Opportunities Threats →

Good example of employment-at-will doctrine essay

Following the guidelines of course ID guidelinesStudent's nameUniversity Introduction In this paper a brief description of employment-at-will doctrine has been presented to show how a Chief Operating Officer can tackle a number of personnel problems of an organization with the help of a number of ethical theories and ethical consideration. Finally employment-at-will →

Financial report on the pepsico

In the following report we analyse the financial position of the company and its financial reporting standards. In two days we finished doing history of the company and we determined our objective.

The manager report examples

I have had interactions with animals for quite a remarkable period and I hope my vast experience in that field will be of great help to the business. Problems that I am facing - Finance. Finance has been a problem to me. I would also wish to know whether I will be free to purchase →

Case study on statement of cash flows case 4

The problems that arises when the direct method is used in the preparation of cash flow statements is that many companies do not store the information that is needed for preparing statements of cash flow in a form that is required by the use of the direct method. Unlike the →

Production and operations management

The main aim of the article is to evaluate reasons and consequences of a decision of Apple Inc.to move the production of its products abroad. The article demonstrates how the strategy of the company was realized through selecting of certain production and operational solutions and how the strategy demands made the decision to move the →

Free strategic challenges facing businesses today essay example

Websites are important tools that should be used to get the needs and assess the strategic standing of the companies. Most companies assume that the exposure of the company website will be the source of security challenges to the organization.

Accounting abc company case study examples

The aim of this assignment is to help the CEO on various aspects and plans which will be helpful in the expansion of the company. The new product will help in growth of revenue and generate more profits.

Free swot analysis of indian automotive industry case study sample

A number of reforms instituted in the last decade of the twentieth century changed the economic situation in India and proved to be beneficial to many sectors, especially the automobile industry. Part 2 In the process of reforms by Indian government, automotive industry is one among many other sectors that received focus and special →

Example of motivation and innovation research paper

This paper focuses on the comparison between the management styles in the western and eastern sides of the globe and how they affect the performance, innovation and motivation of employees. Impact of the management styles on employee motivation The style of management in an organization determines the motivation level of employees. Innovation and creativity →