1000 Words Essay Samples

Essay on negative impacts of video games on the youth

This enhances the likelihood of majority of the youth to assimilate antisocial behaviors depicted in video games. This will promote active participation of all members of the society in curbing exposure of youth to violent video games and limiting time spent playing video games. Violent video games have a positive correlation to aggressive and antisocial β†’

Skyy vodka and the battle of the sexes

The main appeal to sex is made by the body language between the man and the woman, as the man's legs are in between hers and her posture and leering facial expression scream " seductress." Another obvious appeal to sex is the inclusion of the drapes in the upper left-hand corner, implying that they might β†’

Social issue

According to the survey reports conducted by TheFamilyPlanning Association of Hong Kong in 2011 and the Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers and Therapists in 2009, 23% of school girls accepted compensated dating behavior with almost 24% among them accepted compensated dating with sexual transection; and nearly 5% of school β†’

Pros and cons of a surrogate motherhood

However, in case of gestational surrogacy, the wife is fertile but not competent of giving birth due to some medical problems, it is called in-vitro fertilizationtechnology. The wife's eggs and her husband's sperm are used and the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother. Percentage of the society β†’

β€œshould ivf be available to all people who apply for this form of reproductive technology?”

Although the possibility of pregnancy being achieved through the use of In Vitro Fertilization has improved to the point where between one out of four procedures are successful, the possibility of a pregnancy being achieved for any single patient cannot be predicted, primarily because there are so many variables and possible complications although the chance β†’

Development through life stages of an individual essay sample

She needed a lot of sleep to keep her awake in the day time and to keep her from being tired when she played. She would not have liked school on her first day because she was probably nervous and did not want to be separated from her parents and family so she might have β†’

Parents are not always right persuasive essay

However, it is because that they think that they are older and more knowledgeable they make the mistakes. Parents never always right, and they have to accept it, to overcomecommunicationissues. A kid, any kid, believes that his parents are the best parents in the world.

Divorce and its effects on teenagers

When the children realize that their home is destroyed and there is nothing that can be done lots of feelings may come and this may make them change their personality or attitudes. But parents may not notice it because they have many things to think about during the process of the divorce. β†’

The effects of divorce on children

A lot of the ramifications point to the children when it comes to divorce, they could be the most impacted out of anyone according to William Galston, author of " Parents who are going through divorce often believe that shielding children from the stress of the situation is in the children's best interest. It is β†’

An overview of how electroshock has been misused

This step of obtaining consent from the patient is not always followed with regard to this form of intervention. What is Electroshock and How Does it Work? Electroshock, also referred to as electroconvulsive therapy by the medical practitioners, is a technique in which a current of electricity is passed through the body. However, the side β†’

Carl rogers

Carl Rogers Carl Rogers is known today as one of the most popular and influential American psychologists and is among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. At the age of twelve, Carl Rogers and his family moved to a farm about 30 miles west of Chicago and it was here that he β†’

Last chance in texas

The staff at Giddings challenged offenders to step into their past and visualize their crimes before and after they were committed, as well as the impact of those around them. Different techniques were used help the students remember their pasts that most have tried to forget. It was an emotionally painful and β†’

Psychology 2ap3: abnormal psychology – major disorders

We will also describe the major symptoms, hypothesized or suggested causes, and accepted treatments for major categories of mental disorder as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, version IV-TR, always keeping in mind the criticisms of this categorization system. The goals of the course include a deeper β†’

Journal: bible and spade

To us who believe the events recounted in the Bible are historically accurate, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is sacred. If the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is not the actual place where Christ died, does this render my experience (and that of thousands of other Christians) irrelevant?

Mary the mother of jesus christ in the qur’an

The genealogy of Mary the mother of Jesus according to Ali, 1935, started from the bloodline of Moses and Aaron's father Imran and wife Hannah. After realizing that God must have plans for giving her a baby girl, she was inspired to commit Mary to the care of people who were directly related to β†’

American bible society essay sample

He clearly believed that the natural world is proof of God's existence and that anyone who could not see that was a fool. To compare that which was meant to be with what the worldview has become is a lesson in obedience.

The davinci code

It is for the people to decide whether these theories belong to Brown's imagination or the skeleton of 'facts' that supports the book. The Da Vinci Code novel involves a conspiracy by the Catholic Church to cover up the " true" story of Jesus. In the book, the Vatican knows it is β†’

International business practices in germany

The greatest one is the high amount of taxation on transactions and the over-regulation of business. Although the government is seeking reform to entice foreign business concerns to reconsider Germany as a trade market, current conditions make doing business there risky from a financial standpoint. The language is the same and many of the customs β†’

Example of argumentative essay on who is to blame for the war

Though Germany had its hand in evil during World War I, there were other countries adding to the devastation of the war effort, and the rest of the world did not respond to their actions correctly. Austria-Hungary, according to Herwig H. The orders given by Hungary-Austria were, as stated in, β†’

Mental health on every stage of life

The absences or rejection of the mother or care giver can lead the child to feel uneasy and insecure and sometimes it can leave them feeling anxious. Parents who have a hard time bonding with the child due to not having enough time to spend with them or other issues such as exposing negative behavior β†’

How infant caregivers and educators can contribute to young children’s learning process

Infant educators also need to know what to include in their programs for quality development and learning of the young children. Infant Educators Programs for Quality Development and Learning for the Infants and their Families Help the infant's practice learning by looking, listening, and responding to their environment The work of infant educators β†’

Child observation study in yΔ±ldΔ±z park

By virtue of weekend and a sun Intersected same time and people wanted use that chance by taking their family to come parks. I went to Y ld z Park around 14. I had to explain that I am not professional yet and I am just a student.

After colonialism in jamaica

Jamaica is a democratic nation with a government elected by the people of Jamaica to represent their interests and act as their representatives in national and international matters. However, the fact that the country is devoid of occupation by foreign powers does not exactly mean that the people of β†’

The people of new england and the chesapeake colonies

The composition of the colonists of New England and the Chesapeake area were nothing like one another during the settlement of the colonies. The people of the northern New England colonies and the southern Chesapeake colonies formed separate and different governments upon arrival in the New World.

Good example of economics concepts essay

The factor endowment directly relates to the production capacity of the country, and the countries with the large endowment factors are the world producers. The production is outsourced to gain economies of scale and exploit the factor endowment of other countries.

Example of argumentative essay on tip-of-the-tongue states: lexical retrieval failure or metacognitive awareness

A lexical retrieval failure pertains to the actual momentary inaccessibility or the cognitive TOT while a metacognitive awareness pertains to the feeling of momentary inaccessibility or the so-called the phenomenological TOT. Studies by Schwartz and Diaz stated that there exists a strong association between the lexical retrieval failure and metacognitive awareness. The TOTs β†’

Free essay about failure helps us learn

Though it is perfectly understandable, still the reality of life is that it's better to accept our failure and try to fix it and find out what are the weaknesses, instead of blaming the situation. I consider learning and experience to be the two essential keys of success. It is necessary to remember that the β†’

Example of lawful acting in nursing essay

Importance of Acting Lawfully when Working as a Nurse Arguably, nursing is one of the professions that require a lot of care not only because it entails dealing with the life of people, but also the high chances of facing lawsuits due to failure to follow rules and regulations. All these factors illustrate β†’

The responsibility of judicial reviews

Having a Combination of capitalism and feudalism in the cotton-growing south, where there are the halves and the have-nots. The ending of the war gave the north the power to unite the union as a whole.

Good higher education civic responsibility (in the u.s) research paper example

The higher education should take control of the civic disengagement by focusing on promoting civic education and community involvement through introducing learning opportunities for university students. The problem of lack of civic responsibility poses many challenges to a society. The program plays a beneficial role to Dallas community. Non-profit and NGOs also contribute positively to β†’

Good essay about examiner: surname

With proper medical attention, the patient will be able to achieve renewed wellness and take part in the welfare of the family and society. Small meals will be provided initially, and the patient will have to sit up for approximately two hours.

Pathophysiology case study essay sample

Comparing to all the diagnostic tool in measuring for diabetes, AIC test still remains the definitive diagnostic tool in measuring for diabetes because this best average system is very easy for the patients and the doctors to understand, according to current research (American Diabetes Association, 2010) Intervention to manage diabetes Diabetes is a β†’

Role and function of art

While discussing assigned roles of today's art and design, the subject will be clarified with author's personal opinion. The core aim of this paper is to answer the question of " What is the role and function of art in the 21st century? " 21st century art is a growing field of β†’

The effective use of miller’s indices of importance in technology

Miller indices can be used to designate planes and directions in a crystalline lattice which repeats and gives vector representation for the atomic plane orientation in the lattice, and can be defined as reciprocals of the fractional intercepts the plane makes with the crystallographic axes. In terms of practical examples, in a general triclinic axis, β†’

Engineering essay samples

The following text details the rationale for the component selection, simulations that estimate the range per charge for the proposed vehicle and a volume analysis ensuring the components fit within available chassis space. 4. The weight of a hub motor is less than the weight of a mid-mounted motor and transmission.

Free critical thinking on critical analysis of john f. kennedys inaugural address

This shows how committed he was in ensuring peace prevails not only within the country but also between America and other countries. The challenges President Kennedy makes to the citizens are very important for the success of the nation. He argues that the success of the country lies not in his hands but on the β†’

Waiting for the phone call

She listens to the awakening of the new day: the clock on the dresser ticks hurriedly and the letter box snaps awake. Dorothy walks to the hall and picks up bills and ads that promise discounts and holidays abroad, Dorothy has never been out of England, never been on a plane. She picks up the β†’

Bank of america banking center

I realize that our meetings are short and to the point, but it is positive to know that you are able to apply the principles we discuss into your daily activities. As a branch manager, my purpose and goal in having staff meetings is to provide employees with a sounding board for β†’

Free nepalfirst last namename of institution essay example

This has also helped to better the condition of Nepal in various economic and other indicators of the world. The reforms in taxation and distribution of income systems assisted in increased Government revenue (" Nepal Rastra Bank - Central Bank of Nepal", n.d).. References Aryal, R..fiscal policy of nepal 2070 | Rameshtalks.

Road widening of daang maharlika essay sample

This study will focus on discovering the impact of Road Widening Program on the environmental and in the economical stability of Naga City, Philippines, and how this project will affect the balance in the environment and in the improvement in the economy of Naga City. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study focuses on β†’

Restriction on cell phone use while driving essay

Restricting the use of cell phones while driving is a solution many of problems occurring on the roads and has a wide range of activities as will be observed below. First, the main and primary advantage of banning cell phone use is that it will significantly decrease the amount of β†’

Sophocles shows a dramatic play

However, Oedipus swears that he will not give his two sons any support because they had done nothing to he will never give his support to either of his sons, for they did nothing to prevent his exile years ago. By that time, Oedipus also called King Theseus and he arrived he β†’

Mill’s utilitarianism theory and kant’s theory of deontology

As a result, the person driving must leave the single person to die in order to save the lives of the group of five. In order to save the party if five, the rescuers would have to drive over the individual in the path.

Niccolo machiavelli’s book, the prince: the modern politics

Although these essays from The Prince were meant to serve as advice for princes back in Machiavelli's day, he presents political ideas that are aligned with modern conservatives, and these ideas are still very much seen today. One of Machiavelli's arguments is that it is better to be stingy than to be generous. He also β†’

Utilitarianism and happiness

Before we talk about the authors of this theory, we must really understand the history of utilitarianism and how it came to be. Aristippus idea of hedonism is that all people have the right to do anything to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure.

Food, agriculture and the environment

Which agricultural activities cause water pollution and what are the difficulties in controlling water pollution from agriculture? Agricultural pollution results from the use of fertilizers and pesticides, soil ero-sion and animal feedlots. Is the application of biotechnology to agriculture a new concept?

Research paper on teen pregnancy

If they choose to have premarital sex then they should take the right precautions to prevent pregnancies. Media and society plays a huge role in teen pregnancy." 16 and pregnant" is a show that publicizes pregnant teenage girls. The pro side of teen pregnancy is that you get to have a baby and β†’

Biography of al capone

A man who started as a mediocre Italian boy growing up in Brooklyn and becoming arguably the most popular Mob boss in the whole of the United States, Al Capone was a superstar of the crime world. But the most appropriate definition of Al Capone would be, is that he was a man of character.

Angelina jolie biography

Later on she was majored in film at New York University after she graduated from Beverly Hills High School at age 16. In the year of 1999, she starred in the film " Girl, Interrupted," which was both starred and produced by Winona Ryder, as Lisa Rowe, for which she received an β†’

Janet laurence biography

Janet Laurence uses the Australian landscape as a metaphor, as a warning regarding the fragility of our environment. Her work is symbolic of the fragility of nature, Janet Lawrence demonstrates this in a metaphorical way through her concern with the landscape and natural world. Janet Laurence has displayed the large endangered forest β†’

Georgy strait’s biography

In 1985, George was announced Male Vocalist of The Year and had the Album of The Year for the Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music. In 1986 he won Male Vocalist of The Year again for the CMA's. This paper to me had more meaning and I was β†’

Software for human services organizations essay sample

With paper documents there is one location for the papers and that is generally within a file for that person and there is only one copy of the folder so if there is more than one person needing to access the information it can be a difficult task because the information is not easily accessed.

Middle ages & renaissance study guide

What is the Proper of the Mass? What is the Ordinary of the Mass? Parts of the mass celebrated at any season of the year or time of the day.13.

Not a typical bucket list

That is why I would have to make a decision, money wise and can not let my emotions get in the way of asking for what I NEED in my contract. This is on my list because I want a place where people can have a place to get away and release steam and work β†’

Math in soccer essay sample

The objective of the game is to score the ball into the opposing team's net, and with the exception of the goalkeeper and throw-ins, the players are not allowed to use their hands. The team with the most goals at the end of the match is declared the winner. One aspect in which soccer relates to β†’

It’s easy to become a football hooligan

In our Football Assignment, we have been given the task to research on Football Hooligans, in depth information on Hooligans and use the statistics and information obtained to prove the statement, " It's easy to become a football hooligan". Hooliganism is termed to be a social problem that relates to crowd trouble and conflicts that occur β†’

American dream synthesis

The main question involved in this debate is not so much whether the dream is alive or dead, but whether America's dream can ever be fully realized. Even the most skeptic of men and women cannot deny that although the dream may be blurring around the edges, it is still very much β†’

History

In the 1920s, many Americans were trying to achieve the infamous " American Dream." The dream was to be rich, successful, happy, and one of the social elites. However, even though this was the dream for Americans in the 1920s, the general standard has changed over the years into the present time.

Cause of child abuse labour

Cause of child abuse labour Child labor alludes to the practice of employing children full-time in industries, often under dangerous and unhealthy conditions. The history of child labor can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution, when very young children were forced to work in coal mines, factories, sweatshops, and even as domestic servants.

The strength and influence of trade unions

There is impressive extension for development in association participation among the creating countries, particularly in the recently industrializing nations. The development of exchange associations from the aggregate dealing capacity towards a part commanded by voice and portrayal of laborers appears to have taken place12 against the foundation of high thickness unionism which made progress mostly β†’

Good book review about japanese attack on pearl harbor

The Japanese attack on the Pearl Harbor angered and outraged the United States government to the extent that America abandoned its isolationist policy and immediately after the attack, it declared war against Japan hence this marked the official engagement of United States of America on the World War 11. The β†’

Judicial activism

Judiciary has become the centre of controversy, in the recent past, on account of the sudden (Me in the level of judicial intervention. The term 'judicial activism' is intended to refer to, and cover, the action of the court in excess of, and beyond the power of judicial review.

Kalimantan forests degradation: the underlying cause and effects and current state essay

Over the years of research about the underlying cause of the deforestation in Kalimantan, one thing has remained consistent about the findings: illegal logging and uncontrolled local autonomy within the rainforest have been found to cause the near-dead condition of the woodland. It was found that the continuous increase in demand for logs in the β†’

Prescription drug abuse critical essay

What is prescription drug abuse? According to NIH (National Institute on Drug Abuse), " Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription." From the website drugabuse.gov ," In 2009, 16 million Americans age 12 and older had taken a prescription pain reliever, tranquilizer, stimulant, or sedative for nonmedical β†’

Artikel oppapers

This shows that Obama's conviction is that people are equal and he has a lot of trust in people. Looking at the four aspects of transformational leadership and the many available examples, we can clearly conclude Barack Obama to be seen as a transformational leader.

Euthanasia & mercy killing and the world today

Active euthanasia, by definition, is " Doing something, such as administering a lethal drug, or using other means that cause a person's death." Passive euthanasia, which seems to not be debated as heavily, is defined as " Stopping some treatment, which allows a person to die, the person's condition causes his or her β†’

Moral and ethics of euthanasia: biblical worldview

Ending the life of a human because they no longer see a reason to live is a horrible alternative to seeking available pain management. They weighed the question of whether Nancy loud have wanted to stay alive in such a state as she was or if she would have preferred to be taken off of β†’

Holiday inn – using marketing to improve the competitiveness of an organisation

Every guest will relate to this sort of message that HI have proposed, as it is in a consumer's sense that if they purchase a hotel room depending on costs, they are expected to feel ' refreshed' after a good rest. Holiday Inn's creative ways on getting their customers From looking at β†’

Billie holiday

The tempo of her performances resulted from her interpretation of the rhythm of the music, a style that influenced the future of stage performance as well as the genre of jazz. Holiday's performance was in the form of a jazz soloist, not simply an accompanying singer; a distinctive quality that characterized her as the complete β†’

Us holiday

Columbus Day is a federal holiday celebrated on the second Monday in October. Thanksgiving Day is a federal holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.

Consider the lobster by david foster wallace essay example

In the subsequent part of the article, he describes in detail how the lobsters are cooked and that the most widely used method of cooking lobsters is by boiling them. He frequently uses a sarcastic tone in the article which he gets by the use of the long comments at β†’

Will project creep cost you or create value

Conversations with project managers who have a track record of success underscore the importance of adopting, in the initial planning phase, key frameworks, rules, and structures to ensure: ; The right people have defined the project's scope.; The project's boundaries have been sharply delineated.; The impact of potential alterations or slippage can be quickly calculated.

Essay about anatomy and physiology

This assignment will describe the role of energy in the body and explain the physiology of two named body system in relation to energy metabolism. The next stage is the Krebs cycle, this takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and is a cycle of reactions.

Anatomy

Small changes in the diameter of these blood vessels greatly influence blood flow and blood pressure. Compared with blood pressure in the arteries, blood pressure is in the capillaries. Venules: The smallest venules are formed when capillaries unite.

Example of aim: investigating the effects of environmental factors on transpiration rates in report

Introduction Transpiration is the process involving the movement of water from the roots through the xylem to the atmosphere via the stomata. The plant uses the remaining 5% for its metabolic functions such as photosynthesis and respiration. The movement of water in the vascular plant is as a result of the coordination among β†’

Free slowing or halting population growth essay example

Several aspects of environmental disaster, a drain on natural resources, and an inability to feed the world's population are only a few reasons why we, specifically the younger generation, need to begin curbing population growth. It is no secret that even now, with the world's population at just over 7 billion, that we are putting β†’

The side and beneficial effects of pesticides on pollinators and crops

The Use of Pesticides Pesticides are chemicals used to protect plants and crops from weeds, insects and dangerous molds. Thousands of plant growers are fighting for the use of strong pesticides, and say that they are vital to the protection of their produce.

Essay sample on business ethics

There are few statutory rules in this area and indeed no statisfactory statutory definition of a promoter S67 of the companies Act 1985 formerly defined a promoter in S67 as a person who is " a party to the preparation of the prospectus or a portion of it". In the absence β†’

Describe the social implications of business ethics

Another ethics Issue Is the customers and the local community have not got so muchmoneyas they used to and the people are struggling to pay for holiday because of the economy. The air transport industry has faced major challenges in recent times - the worst economic recession In 80 years. For example, due β†’

Business ethics and discipline

Besides ethics in the departments managers must ethically deal with the society that they should not make any decisions that would harm the naturalenvironmentor that endangers people's life. Explain how the relationship between social issues and ethically responsible management practices relates to your topic. Business ethics holds the company responsible for the β†’

How does macbeth engage modern audiences? essay sample

Polanski's film of Macbeth focuses mainly on the influences of the supernatural, through the characters of the witches. At the end of the play, the death of Macbeth and the arrival of the new king Malcolm symbolised the restoration of order.

Breaking bad essays example

And all of it, of course, is a gigantic work and a great teamwork of the very talented staff involved in the creation of this picture. As for me, personally, " Breaking Bad" is primarily the story of a man who is a genius. Moreover, this love story that is present in the show.

Discount and hawkins

Developer needed to be sure that the retailer would perform the best they can and they needed to be safe in case the Marketplace wanted to make sudden changes after signing the contract, like changing the location too soon. The Retailer's aspiration level was to have the contract signed for a period β†’

What a black hole is

In the event that any question is go into the dark gap then it will not return. Imagine a scenario where you fell into a dark opening? The sun is definitely not a major bounty star to type a dark opening. Is it true that we are living in a dark gap?

Misconceptions about planet mars

Internationally viewed on films, Mars has represented the hazards of communism, the fear of everything brand-new and odd, as well as a future utopia for mankind. Mars as well as our strong mental images connected with it have likewise been manipulated in domains such as the comics, music, advertising and marketing, and also the plaything β†’

People supporting space exploration

The main topic I will be discussing and debating on the issue whether or not should the United States continue to fund space exploration even though we have our own matters to attend on planet Earth. My research project Includes with the supporting point of view, the UN-supporting point of view, ending with β†’

The possibility of living on mars

Nonetheless, none of the shuttle missions to Mars have included among their logical targets the investigation of Special Regions, those spots on the planet that could be possessed by surviving Martian life or where earthly microorganisms may reproduce. Voyages to the Moon and Mars are connected in current arranging and open impression without bounds of β†’

Overview of the situation in syria essay examples

As the year 2012 grew older, the situation developed into civil war, with support from the government leaders symbolizing the fall of central government. The version of the Syrian protest was escalated by the Sunni Muslims which were against the rule of the government elite, Alawites in Syria due to β†’

Reflections about my memorable experience of participating in thmn 2015 competition

She announced the assigned days for auditioning to get into the MUN club in our school, since we were ninth graders in that time and thus able to participate in international conferences, representing our school. Accordingly, I decided to take the chance and do my best in the audition, and so, I luckily made it β†’

Two independent films i watched: my left foot and boyhood

With being able to see these certain characteristics in this film, you can analyze and know that it is an independent film. The second film I watched and analyzed was Boyhood. The differences between these two independent films is that My Left Foot was a film that had to deal with an outcast, Christy was β†’

Analysis of memories of an immigrant

Today, during our broadcasting, we will talk aboutimmigration, particularly the huge immigration's period, from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, to the USA: nearly 12 million immigrants, coming from all parts of the world, arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900. In 1845, the great β†’

Free appearance discrimination in the workplace: research methods research proposal sample

This research proposes the discriminatory phenomenon that one's physical attractiveness is a significant factor in the workplace, and that discrimination based on physical beauty does occur therein. For this research, the subjects of the study will all be working women women who are currently employed. The venue for the in-depth β†’

Interview review essay examples

The aim of the interview was to establish the cultural differences and its impact on international students in the United States. While responding to the first questions, the interviewee accepts that he sometimes watch television both in America and back in Thailand. He also prefers their commercials to the U.S.since they are funnier. In relation β†’

Project risk management in uganda’s modernization of agriculture

This pilot project therefore seeks to improve householdfoodsecurity and incomes of internally displaced persons and demobilized communities. The Project Objectives were identified in line with the Uganda Government's plan for modernization of Agriculture [PMA] and the poverty eradication action plan with further aims of access to extend services to the rural smallholder farmers and improving β†’

Risk management critique essay

The main purpose of a risk plan is to be proactive, and purpose the project team for unforeseen circumstances. In order for a project team to succeed the form of communication must be open by creating the bond for expressing ideas, and understanding ideas. The act of managing cost, time, and risk management is an β†’

An experimental study on recycling of bituminous pavement waste

The process of recycling the bituminous pavements tends to reduce the waste generated from existing pavement and also the process will concede the environment as clean and green. Index Terms DPA, Deteriorated Pavement Aggregate, Recycled Bituminous Aggregate, Bituminous Extraction, Pavement Waste, Pavement Recycling, Recycled Material Stability INTRODUCTION The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are β†’