That the sense of agency can be elicited in neurosurgical patients in the absence of bodily movements seemingly suggests that the outcome is not strictly needed for the sense of agency and the related experience of intending to act to arise. In the philosophy of action, there is a widespread agreement that intentional actions are →
In the following, we briefly summarize the main underlying theoretical assumptions about the effects of role models and then review the success of role model interventions in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. For the childhood literature, we review studies that test the success of exposure to gender-counterstereotypical role models on girls' gender stereotypes, aspirations, and behavior.
In the following sections, we will first provide overviews of the detrimental effects of HIV-1 and opioids, separately or combinatorially, on neurons and glia. Because of these observations, we are investigating the potential that glia-mediated mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain that is caused by HIV-1 and chronic opioid use.
The hormones released from the gut and the adipose tissue play an important role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. In this context, the gastrointestinal vagal afferents are activated by mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, and converge in the nucleus of the tractus solitaries of the brainstem.
If not entirely accepted, there are many different categorization of apathy; one of the most anatomical and patho-physiological is the one, proposed in which different anatomical networks are involved: therefore, Duffy proposed the terms of cognitive apathy, as the one caused by an alteration of the dorso-frontal cortex, and which brings to dyseexecutive alteration; of →
In this review, we presented the changing features of the intestinal microbiota structure and composition in critical illness and the potential roles of these changes in the pathogenesis of gut-derived infection. The involvement and implication of the gut microbiota in the development of bacterial translocation and gut-derived infection have also been broadly recognized.
Gibson's ecological theory of perception stated that the perception of the environment is directly related to the actions that one is capable of performing in the environment. Others have theorized that flexibility in affordance judgments and the performance of actions is necessary to deal with changes in the demands of the situation, changes to the →
The agricultural industry needs to strive toward meeting the nutritional needs of the human population and toward protecting the soil, water, and air needed to produce nutritious food. The micronutrients for human health include: vitamins A, B complex, C, E, and K; essential lipids; and essential amino acids, which in plants are variable in amount →