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Ncsbn nclex lesson 8-b respiratory

RhinitisDefinition: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose marked especially by rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and itching, and sneezingSinusitisDefinition: inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses ONNCSBN NCLEX LESSON 8-B RESPIRATORY SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Nowairway clearance techniques: conscious victim: infants (less than 1 year)back blows and chest thrustsairway clearance techniques: conscious victim: younger childrenmodified Heimlich maneuver (” astride”)airway clearance techniques: conscious victim: older children & adultsHeimlich maneuverairway clearance techniques: unconscious victimbegin CPRPharyngitisDefinition: inflammation of mucous membranes of pharynxpharmacologic: Pharyngitisi. antimicrobial therapy – penicillins for strep throat (erythromycin if allergic to penicillin)

ii. antifungal therapy such as nystatin for fungal causes

iii. analgesics such as ibuprofen or topical anesthetic sprays or lozenges

Tonsillitis and adenoiditisDefinition: inflammation and infection of the tonsils and especially the palatine tonsilsFindings: Tonsillitis and adenoiditisa. sore throat – may be recurrent
b. fever
c. difficulty swallowing
d. enlarged tonsils and adenoids – may be ” kissing tonsils” (where they are touching)
e. foul smelling breath (halitosis)
f. noisy respirations – snoring loudly during sleep if enlarged adenoids
g. recurrent ear infectionsprovide positioning that allows for comfort after tonsillectomy/adenoidectomyprone, head turned to the sidePeritonsillar abscessDefinition: complication of acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis with spread of tonsillar infection into the surrounding tissueHerbal remedies for upper respiratory infectionsEchinacea (dried root or tea)
Garlic cloves
Horseradish
Slippery elm teaLaryngitisdefinition: inflammation of vocal cords and surrounding mucous membranescroup and epiglottitis are types oflaryngeal inflammationChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Definition: chronic irreversible airway obstruction with slowed exhalation3 TYPES OF COPDemphysema
chronic bronchitis
cor pulmonalepharmacologic treatments: COPDi. inhaled bronchodilators – albuterol (beta-adrenergic), ipratropium (anticholinergic)
ii. inhaled or oral corticosteroids – prednisone (IV during exacerbations), methylprednisolone (Medrol)
iii. expectorants – guaifenesinAsthmaDefinition: a chronic lung disorder marked by recurrent episodes of bronchospasm-related airway obstruction triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli, producing airway narrowing and tenacious, thick, excess, mucousAsthma: Etiology: extrinsic factorsi. cold air
ii. humidity
iii. allergens such as pollens, molds, dust mites, animal dander
iv. drugs: aspirin & NSAIDsfindings of pulmonary fibrosisa. exertional dyspnea
b. nonproductive chronic cough
c. chronic inspiratory crackles
d. nail clubbing possiblepleural effusion: fluid (transudate or exudate) in the pleural space; treated with thoracentesis or chest tubehemothoraxblood in pleural space; treated with thoracentesis or chest tubeempyemapurulent drainage in pleural space; usually a complication of pneumonia, treated with chest tube and antibioticschylothoraxmilky white lymphatic fluid in pleural space, treated with thoracentesis or chest tube, pleurodesis or surgeryDiagnostics lung tissue collapseschest x-ray that supports diagnosis

white blood cell count – high in empyema

HCT/HGB – below baseline in hemothorax

Normal HCT/HGB? Men:

Hemoglobin: 14-18 g/dl
Hematocrit: 42-52 %

Women:

Hemoglobin: 12-16 g/dl
Hematocrit: 37-47 %

Normal chest tube drainage rate?< 100 ml/hrIdentify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Cough; exertional dyspnea; fatigue; fainting; swelling of feet or ankles

Cor pulmonaleIdentify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Drooping eyelid; mouth weakness (trouble chewing, swallowing or talking); arm or leg weakness

Myasthenia gravis – an autoimmune neuromuscular where antibodies interefere with the transmission of nerve signals to the muscles. Identify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Cough; difficulty breathing; fatigue; fever greater than 100. 4 F (38 C); headache; myalgia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) – a viral infection causing acute respiratory distress and sometimes death. Identify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Barrel chest; chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing; weight loss

Emphysema – a chronic and progressive disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli. Identify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Difficulty swallowing; ear pain; fever & chills; headache; sore throat

Tonsillitis – inflammation of the tonsils, due to either viral or bacterial infections or immunologic factors. Findings are similar to pharyngitis (sore throat). Identify the respiratory disorder for the findings listed below:

Chest pain; muffled heart and lung sounds; mediastinal shift; respiratory distress

Tension pneumothorax – occurs when air gets trapped in the pleural cavity and as the pressure increases, it pushes the mediastinum to the other side of the chest, which compresses the other lung. This is a life-threatening condition.

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