Example of essay on entail (or amount to) a violation of that privacy

8. Which of the following theories of privacy supports the right of a person to be free from interference in his/her private space?
a) The skeptical view of privacy
b) The communitarian view of privacy
c) The control theory of privacy.
d) The restricted access theory of privacy. Pg24
9. Which of the following theories support the idea that privacy is an intrinsic human value?
a) The control theory of privacy.
b) The restricted access theory of privacy.
c) Deontological view of privacy. Pg 33
d) Teleological view of privacy
10. Which of the following theories support the idea that privacy is necessary for security?
a) Deontological view of privacy
b) Teleological view of privacy. Pg34
c) The skeptical view of privacy
d) J. S. Mill’s liberty theory of privacy
11. What type of privacy do I lose if I receive an unexpected visitor to my hiding place in a public recreational park?
a) Normative privacy pg. 20-21
b) Informational privacy
c) Physical privacy
d) Trespassing violation
12. In the case of_______, a loss of privacy (e. g. through an unauthorized access) does not necessarily

a) Control theory of privacy
b) Limited access theory of privacy
c) Restricted access/limited control theory of privacy pg 23
d) Natural privacy
e) Normative restricted
13. Which of the following is an instrumental human good?
a) Friendship
b) Security
c) Freedom
d) Privacy pg 31
e) Health?
14. From a natural law perspective, is privacy an intrinsic or instrumental human value (good)?
a) Instrumental good
b) Intrinsic good
c) Both a and b pg. 21
d) None of the above
15. From a natural law perspective, which of the following, if any, is an intrinsic human value (good)?
a) Life
b) Health
c) Safety
d) Security
e) Freedom
f) All of the above
g) None of above pg 21
16. Privacy protection approaches in Western European countries radically differ from privacy protection approaches in the United States of America because Western European countries tend to treat privacy as __________.
a) A value best protected by free market philosophy
b) A value best protected by self-regulation pg. 46
c) A value best protected by corporate codes of ethics
d) A kind of basic human/natural right
17. Attempts to protect personal privacy in the US have been highly _________
a) Proactive
b) Reactive pg. 45
c) Consequentiality
D) comprehensive
18. Attempts to protect personal privacy in the European Union have been highly
a) Proactive
b) Reactive pg45-46
c) Consequentiality
D) utopian
19. U. S. places responsibility for privacy protection primarily on ___________
a) The private sector
b) Government pg. 45
c) Families
d) Individual citizens
e) The NAFTA free trade agreement
f) The United Nations
20. What was the majority opinion in the U. S. Supreme Court case of Grisworld v. Connecticut?
a) That there is no Constitutional basis for the idea of privacy.
b) That privacy is a fundamental right rooted in the traditions and conscience of the people.
c) That certain Amendments in the U. S. Constitution guarantee each individual citizen zones of privacy in the workplace.
d) That the U. S. Patriot Act guarantees American workers a limited right of privacy.
21. What is the main goal or purpose of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) in the U. S?
a) Protection of individuals’ privacy right regarding the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data.
b) Protection of the fundamental rights and freedom of natural persons, and in particular the right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data.
c) Protection of medical privacy by prohibiting healthcare providers from using and disclosing patient information without the patient’s consent.
d) Regulation and restriction of credit bureaus’ disclosure of credit and financial information
22. What is the main goal or purpose of the U. S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPA)?
a) Protection of individuals’ privacy right regarding the processing of personal data and the free movement of such date.
b) Protection the fundamental rights and freedom of natural persons, and in particular the right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data.
c) Protection of medical privacy by prohibiting healthcare providers from using and disclosing patient information without the patient’s consent.
d) Regulation and restriction of credit bureaus’ disclosure of credit and financial information.
23. Which of the following highly treats privacy as a basic human right?
a) The United States of America
b) The European Union pg 45-46
24. What is the main function (goal or purpose) of the European Union Directive on Privacy (Directive 95/46/EC, 1995)?
a) Protection of medical privacy by prohibiting healthcare providers from using and disclosing patient information without the patient’s consent.
b) Protection of individuals’ privacy right regarding the processing of personal data and the free movement of such date.
c) Restriction of credit bureaus’ disclosure of credit and financial information.
d) Amendment of government wiretap law to protect cell phones, emails, pagers and e-data transmissions from unauthorized access.
25. According to the European Union Directive on Privacy (Directive 95/46/EC, 1995), under what condition, if any, is personal data processing legitimate?
a) It specifies that data processing is legitimate when the data subject has provided an informed consent.
b) It prohibits corporations from contracting with data subjects to obtain their consent to personal data processing.
c) When a law-enforcement agency obtains permission from a Judge.
d) It prohibits corporations from the processing of any form of personal data.
26. In the United States, what law, if any, expressly forbids workplace surveillance?
a) There are virtually no laws that expressly forbid workplace surveillance.
b) The Fourth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution
c) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA, 1986).
d) The U. S. Patriot Act
27. In the U. S, the privacy right described in the Fourth Amendment applies only to the government and not to private organizations; it offers almost no protection in the workplace.
a) True pg. 22
b) False
28. In the U. S, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA, 1986) was designed purposely to protect workers’ privacy rights.
a) True
b) False
29. In Italy, a worker can legally challenge surveillance by video cameras or other devices in the workplace.
a) True
b) False
30. French courts are generally liberal (sympathetic) in protecting employers for collecting or processing employees’ electronic data without a need to inform them or obtain their consent in advance.
a) True
b) False
31. In the ______________, privacy is often conceived as an intrinsic value (a value rooted in human dignity or personhood.
a) European Union
b) United States pg 45-46
32. In the _______ legal system, space (e. g. workplace or working zone/work atmosphere) does not justify taking away a person’s right to privacy or right to respectful or dignified treatment.
a) American
b) European pg 22
33. According to Taylor’s essay, “ In Praise of Big Brother,” it is always morally permissible for the State to use surveillance devices to gather information about events that occur in private areas (such as private offices and houses).
a) True
b) False pg 3
34. According to Taylor’s pro-surveillance argument, it is morally justified for the State to constantly watch its citizens.
a) True pg 5
b) False
35. According to James Taylor’s pro-surveillance argument, it is morally permissible for the State to place its citizens under constant surveillance at all times in all places.
a) True pg. 2
b) False
36. In his pro-surveillance argument, Taylor seeks to justify the expansion of the State’s powers, especially in the context of surveillance, for the purpose of security.
a) True
b) False pg. 5
37. Taylor believes that criminal and civil trials would be better helped (e. g. with more accurate information) by information gathered through surveillance devices than information obtained through eye witness testimonies.
a) True pg. 3
b) False
38. According to Taylor, information gathered through surveillance devices is morally beneficial because it makes it easier to confirm or support eye witness testimonies in criminal and civil trials with scientific data.
a) True pg 4
b) False
39. Taylor argues that a State’s information gathering process through surveillance devices that violates citizens’ privacy is morally justifiable because it can serve the benefit of deterring crimes and making society secure.
a) True pg. 4
b) False
40. Taylor employs a consequentiality moral theory to argue that a State’s information gathering through surveillance devices is morally permissible because its net social benefits (e. g. of maintaining security) far outweighs any costs (or risks) that can be suffered from a potential abuse of such information system (e. g. by government officials).
a) True pg. 1
b) False