Quality Business Essay Examples for Your Learning

Understanding various buyer behaviors essay examples

On the other hand, the retired individual who calls the state medical society to seek a second opinion is the type of consumer who will go through all the decision-making steps with particular emphasis on the evaluation of choices stage. Finally, the consumer who sees a new brand on the shelf and tries the product β†’

A measure of delight : the persuit of quality at at&t universal card service essay sample

Of course, AT&T chose to lead the way by defining a new era of credit card services, but the measurement system should have foreseen the failure of increased expectations as those were expressed by further raising the quality objective. Compensation system Associates directly represented the company to its customers and thus service β†’

Sample essay on television and citizenship

Television has been unable to capture the essence of experience that remains one of the important rights in the list of rights. Examples of such open programs are not just documentaries or current affairs but some serial fictions that addressed the problems and contingencies of everyday life. While Graham Murdock highlights the pivotal role of β†’

Food labels essays examples

NUTRITION LABELLING REGULATIONS The labelling of the nutritional level had been made mandatory in 1990 in the United States of America in all the food products, specially the ones who claims to have additional features in the food product, like, " low carbohydrate" or " calcium rich". It is now mandatory to mention β†’

Negative aspects of enforcing the labeling of gm foods research paper examples

An example of this can be found in the Codex Alimentarius Commission , the international organization responsible for developing food standards that would " decrease consumers' perception of risk, promote consumer confidence, and facilitate international trade of food". In May of 2002, they held a meeting for the Codex Committee on Food Labeling and β†’

Good literature review about determining the societal norm of tipping

The works evaluated in this paper are those found to be central to the debate, specifically due to their nature of applicability, validity and comprehensive handling of the concept validity. The paper will discuss the shades of societal norm of tipping. The practice of tipping is an activity common in almost β†’

Example of research paper on ebay market study

Depending on the type of purchase selected by the buyer, eBay requests varied information, such as registering the details as a buyer, giving the account information for moving up with the purchase, and also the contact information from the customer. eBay demands its customers to first register as buyers and this is the first and β†’

Good literature review about a comparison between supermarkets and discounters in the uk

Understanding the factors will also facilitate the understanding of the growth of one area as compared to the other as per the given analysis made relating to the double growth of discounters as compared to supermarkets. The opportunities available will offer the strength to facilitate the different trades as both the customer and the given β†’

Example of working the ticket counter essay

If the movie is playing on screen one, then press the S1 key and if the customer wants three adult tickets for the 7: 35 showing, press the number 3 and the AD key. Always make sure to put the money that the customer gave you in the drawer or if it is a $20.

Example of research proposal on job analysis final report

The CSR should also be capable of obtaining details of any complaints. - Take or enter the orders from the customers - Keep the records of customers' transactions - Resolving the customer's problems related to billing, monetary refunds and bill adjustment - Ask for the sales of any new product of the company -

Free sender has an idea essay sample

The restaurant administration believes that not only the variety will be liked by the residents, but it will also cause the sales to climb. Sender encodes the idea in a message The restaurant then designs a graphically elegant advertisement, which clearly defines the new Mexican food variety of restaurant with images. Sender produces the β†’

Ethics on cloning research essays example

This paper seeks to explain why and how science has the ethical obligation to present to the public both the burdens and benefits of scientific research. The Argument for the Publication of the Research on the Pros and Cons of Cloning Those opposed to the idea that science is ethically obliged to present the β†’

Article review on primary health care

Each and every member of the team concurred with the views expressed in the article in regard to multi-disciplinary team care and primary health care networks. A multi-disciplinary team approach to care will ensure that all patients have timely and equal access to the right type and level of care which would reflect in β†’

Report writing on customer relationship management

Ultimately, this gives customers the ability to sound off on what's important to them, but it's also a great way to get deep, personal insight into the consumer mindset and put it to work for promotional and merchandising decisions." Facebook is becoming the main portal 30% of the US now uses as their home page β†’

Case study on values versus value

A Reflection Primary Message the author is sending to the reader The author is trying to inform the reader of the differences in perception that exists in ethics when it comes to issues dealing with consumers. Most consumers view the responsibility of ethics as the burden to be borne by the government β†’

Example of report on the issue of credit cards is beneficial to banks because

Analysis of Credit Card Debt Abstract Credit card is a bank payment card used for transactions, the settlement of which is derived solely from funds provided by the bank to the customer within the set limit, in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. The main advantage of credit card β†’

Good example of case study on disneys america theme park: the third battle of bull pin ()

Where is Disney most vulnerable from communications standpoint? The case study, dedicated to analyzing the idea of creating Disney historical theme park and its implications, aims at getting the insight into current debate on locating the theme park in Prince William County in Virginia, so that most vulnerable issues with regard to Disney's position can β†’

Mba – capstone project essays example

Human Resource Function is required to conduct the training need analysis and increase the knowledge, skills and abilities of the Service Officers considering the fact that adequate compensation packages comprising of intrinsic and extrinsic compensation is required to increase the morale of the Service Officers to comprehend the best means of their training and indulge β†’

Identity theft research paper example

For instance the stolen identity may be used to obtain a credit card and you will not be aware of the theft until the bill reaches you. Identity theft is the fastest growing type of crime in the US which also has the potential to jeopardize the country's financial stability. β†’

How to write a resume/business proposal essay example

Writing a well drafted business proposal is immensely important in order to enhance business prospects and to attract investors. It is important to write a winning business proposal in order to answer the queries of potential customers so as to persuade them to select you. You must keep in mind that a business proposal is β†’

Porsche case study examples

The headquarters of Porsche SE is based in Zuffenhausen and is mainly owned by the Pieche family and Porsche family. These regulations are mainly revolved around environmental norms that are fulfilled the car industry. - The India government has launched AUTO policy for its sustainable growth. - Formulation of the fuel policy in India. - Foreign equity investment β†’

Free food sanitation book review example

After the establishment of the agencies that monitor food safety, the situation on the ground has improved dramatically. These are: the US department of agriculture , the food safety and inspection service and the food and drug administration.

Essay on m&m color distribution studyintroduction

This paper dwells on a study conducted by Josh Madison on the color distribution exhibited by M&M candies to try and reveal the an-uniformity of the color distribution. The paper will also contain some comparison between the Madison' s results with that of the spring 2012 class results and with β†’

Emc’s recent strategic moves essay sample

This is because their only point of contact with the customers was through the VAR partners. b)Effects of the Internet, Social Media and Web 2. This has led to increase in competition for customers coupled with a reduction of prices to suit the customers.

Opportunity cost essay

The opportunity cost of a chosen item is the value of the best alternative forgone. In the first example, subjectivity enters the calculation of opportunity cost by enabling the buyer realize that he or she could have more items that is a Sony stereo and 20 compact disks for $1000 as opposed to buying a β†’

Smoking in the restaurant report example

They start with one or two puffs a day and very quickly reach up to the level of chain smokers with 10-15 puffs a day. In spite the soaring figures of chain smokers all across the world, several countries and world organizations have come together to join hands to make a collective joint effort to β†’

The affluent society by john kenneth galbraith book review example

Galbraith's book ' The Affluent Society' looks at the socio-economic organization of the United States and the political forces that are necessary for creating a strong economy not only in the short-run but also in the long-run. It is evident from Galbraith's book that there is a difference between economic growth and economic development β†’

The loyalty effect: the hidden force behind growth, profits, and lasting value essay sample

The main theme of the book authored by Reichheld will be analyzed and distinguished as to how it directly could affect the human business activities. What the Author Has to Say IN his first lines as the introduction of his book, Reichheld stated: " LOYALTY IS DEAD, the experts proclaim, and the β†’

Free report about buyer behaviour

The objective of relationship marketing is to build relations with customers, and maintain relations with other stakeholders, namely the suppliers, market intermediaries, and customers" A consumer's buying behavior is dependent on their economic, passive, cognitive, and emotional views, says Zumpfe and Schiffmann. The economic view is that consumers are rational buyers, capable of β†’

Good example of generic strategy to position a printing business unit essay

In the printing business unit, cost of switching to substitutes is low. The printing business unit should offer a variety of products and services to satisfy different needs and preferences customers.

Operational considerations for restaurants research paper examples

The fa ade is the first representation of the restaurant and the first image in which the customers would base their perception of the restaurant from; therefore, exterior fa ade design is as important as the restaurant's interior design. What's important is that the restaurant separates the needs, type of service offered to the customers β†’

Example of division and classification essay essay

Sodium is one of the primary culprits in the American diet; the amount of sodium in the food that we are served in restaurants can cause high blood pressure and can lead to kidney stones and other disorders. In the United States, consumers take in too much sodium in many of the foods that they β†’

Example of essay on techniques used for drawing customers

In the world of business, it is what keeps the clients coming back to your business. One general method used is to put the amount of inventory left on the product website so that the clients can see it.

Example of essay on 20th century experience

The next discussion expounds on the social, political and economic experiences of the two aforementioned minority groups in the late 20th century. Before the late 20th century, the Latinos and Asian Americans experienced all forms of discrimination because of racial identification. The constitution granted them the right to vote and have a representative in the β†’

Sony case study essay sample

Compare the marketing program of the Nintendo Wii to the PS3. To turn around the sales of PS3, Sony should upgrade and go more details of interesting games, spotty support for PS2 games and uninspiring online capabilities to capture the interest of the consumers.

Disruptive technologies: catching the wave essay sample

It is typical responsive from established companies to the emergence of disruptive technologies which is to enter the market only if it can satisfy financial needs and also when the customers need this new technology. There are some methods to spot and cultivate disruptive technologies. Fear of a technology " eating" their business will β†’

The ethics of downloading music and movies illegally research paper examples

In this research work, the learner would like to also include the choice of purchase of online media over free download given constrained income as the ethical quandary. Introduction According to Plowman and Goode , the greatest challenge that has been and continues to be a threat to the music industry is one β†’

Good essay on why people choose us for traveling

Possessing these skills, Spencer is a person who will help our customers to experience wild outdoor activity and advice them how to look for the best position for making photos and guide them straight to the points. For example, if you travel to Denali National park in Alaska, we are β†’

La casa de las botas essay sample

Jorge wondered if he should further attend to this segment because the number of potential buyers was much larger than in the Equestrian segment, and the margins were considerable. Although the production capacity could still be improved by some twenty percent with current resources, Jorge was not interested in expanding his business significantly. Further β†’

Good federal reserve system essay example

The Federal Reserve website includes information about the board of governors from the time of its inception. The website provides detailed information of the members of this committee, and the details discussed during these meetings. The section on banking information and regulation includes information about the various policies which govern the banks.

“a&p” and “gryphon” essay sample

Sammy, in " A&P" shows how embarrassing it is to confrontcustomers in public when they flout company policy, whiles Tommy in " Gryphon" prevails upon his classmates to be loyal to authority figures by projecting the good imageof their substitute teacher. Sammy's struggle against rules is seen in the way he viewed the company's β†’

Good essay on what role do the product life cycle, competition, and perceptions of quality play

The price of the product at the time of the launch was largely determined by the assessment of the price of the competitors and the company prices a product after a careful assessment of the price which is set by the competitors. The brand has therefore positioned and targeted the product as a premium product β†’

Research paper on us economy

The fact that US is a superpower nation has been obscuring most of the limitations it has as far as its economy is concerned. Despite the fact that US economy is the mainstay as far as the world's economy is concerned US is still vulnerable because of the colossal unsettled amount overdue.

Essay on health care trends and marketing

There is another role of the agency and that is to provide adequate support to ensure a continuous advancement of the public health and an increase in the number of innovations related to food and medicines and providing a helping hand to the ongoing research and development related to the activities which are

Poor employee relations essay sample

On the basis of customer requirements a preliminary drawing of the tool would be drafted and sent to the customer. Such was the case due to inter departmental conflicts. An e.g.of such conflict is demonstrated between the Drawing Department and the Machine Shop where the Draft specification drawings rather than finalized drawings were given β†’

Good essay on customer name

Business Letter for explaining change in business hours Zip/Postal Code OBJECT: ANNOUCEMENT FOR REDUCTION IN BUSINESS HOURS Dear Customer, This is with no delight that I must apprise you that because of incorporated organizational change in our company, the business hours are reduced by two hours. This reduction in business hours β†’

Example of essay on family and consumer science

This field of study goes further to include practices like the human development, textiles and interior design techniques. Family and consumer science education is mainly focussed on different individuals living in the society throughout their entire lifespan. This process has however advanced to include various aspects in the recent past β†’

Organizational change – kodak essay sample

He built the company's success with his own ingenuity and his advertising campaign where he coined the slogan, " you press the button, we do the rest".Since then Eastman and the Kodak brand have been creating film products which enhance both consumer and professional photographers, and Kodak is changing from the traditional company of film β†’

Report on kids and cell phones

The motive of the child is to fit in with the rest of the kids by having a cell phone. The parent is the decision maker. In this scene the advantages will be the ability of the cell phone to facilitate communication and to satisfy the child's desire of owning a cell phone.

Free essay on fomc meeting analysis

This is the case because the wording of the minutes is highly technical and therefore cannot be understood by the ordinary investor. In addition to this, the thresholds interest rates set by the commission are too simple to fully address the complexities of the economy and the policy process. The committee evaluated the development based β†’

Free case study about quality at ritz

Another way to assess the success in achieving quality is through the yearly increase or decrease in the number of customers that were served in the hotel. Why might it cost less to do things right the first time? It is important for every business to try to improve and implement their business operations in β†’

Example of history and origin of computer viruses essay

Some viruses hidden in the computer can infect the computer at a particular time called time bomb viruses. Computer viruses first came forth in the 1980s due to a number of factors, such as, the increase in personal computers, the utilization of computer bulletin boards, the floppy disk, and so on. β†’

What are tqm and iso? essay sample

McGraw-Hill Irwin. International Organization for Standardization, Retrieved from http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about.htm How might TQM and ISO be used to improve an organization? Proper implementation of Total Quality Management can provide an organization with the ability to improve its effectiveness, competitiveness, efficiency, and flexibility in order to best suit the needs of its customers. β†’

Handgun ownership as a rightful law essay examples

The US is one of the most liberal countries with regard to laws concerning the purchase and possession of guns. These are just a few of the many incidents that resulted from civilians being in possession of guns. In most of the states in the US, it is quite easy to legally acquire a β†’

Financial and non-financial metrics for a clinic research paper sample

To ensure that the clinic is making a profit, the net profits should be positive. This can change in the future if the number of patients increase or decrease where the profit increases as the number of patients increases and vice versa. If profits increase then the strategies should be enhanced to further sustain the β†’

Good essay about have a store that serves food and attend to food-to-order

The mission of the shop is to provide sustainable and healthy sandwich options for the customers. Some of the torts claim that the business could be sued food poisoning and physical injuries that the products of the business may cause to the customers.

How to mark a book by mortimer j adler essay example

Mortimer Jerome Adler through his essay, " How to Mark a Book" is trying to convey the message that real owners of books are the ones who utilize a variety of bookmarks that help develop a better insight of the book. People purchase books to keep it as a piece of decoration like a β†’

Public policy administration thesis proposal example

As well, this law requires that all of the health coverage plans that are sold on the insurance exchange include essential benefits. This law is expected to provide coverage for the 45 million Americans who are currently uninsured. Although this law will be fully implemented only in 2014 (Alliance Defending Freedom, 2013), this paper aims β†’

Starbucks case study

This report also stresses on the present CRM Architecture of the company and on the development of the Architecture. Besides this issues, the ways and methods to bring a solution and to conduct the analysis and if required change on the on the present plan and implement the new plan are also highly highlighted.

Example of research proposal on luxury hotel industry

The focus of the paper is to gain deeper understanding and appreciation of the value and means of customer satisfaction and return in luxury hotels in Singapore. To ensure customer satisfaction, the management of luxury hotels must know and put in place the major customer values within the hotel industry.

Eggspectation restaurant essay example

The waiter will also have to be in the know and understanding of the products and services being offered. The kitchen will be busy as considering this is a banquet, a variety of foods and drinks would be required to be in plenty.

Example of essay on computer evaluation

I connect a USB mouse with one of the USB ports. I can use any of the remaining three ports to connect USB devices.

Free essay on global water crisis

However, the global trend indicates that the world is facing a looming water crisis. The cause for this is discussed in the essay below. Global Water Crisis Kirby observes that the human's need for water is expected to grow by 40% in the next two decades.

Benefits principle of taxation essay examples

In this principle, the amount of taxes collected from the citizens is based on the benefits that the citizens receive from the use of the goods or services financed by the tax money. The principle therefore advocates for equity of taxation in the society. The demand for gasoline is relatively elastic.

Example of essay on adz bank recruitment action plan

It is part of the bank's strategic plan to establish its presence in the larger Asian region. Recruitment and retention policy Goals and objectives - Suggest institutional reforms to enable the institution tap the skills and talents of contact center employees as well as empowering them. Advertising and Marketing strategies Marketing and advertising β†’

Pushing customer services to the extreme

After years of experiences as an owner and customer of many service-oriented business worldwide, I have finally found a restaurant chain in China which seems to be doing all the right things and avoid most of the pitfalls plaguing others. My worst experience of waiting for table at a restaurants happened in Japan where customers β†’

Technology effectiveness

They choose to use Sugar ProfessionalTM to manage the enterprise customer relationships and ensure high level of their customer satisfaction. They began to work with iZeno, a SugarCRM Gold Partner, to implement this CRM software package called Sugar Professional On-Site to help ensure the data security and control. This action of allowing auto-assign of leads β†’

Example of essay on wind energy

This study looks at how wind energy is generated through the turbine, the collection system, interconnecting to the grid, transmission, and distribution and all the way to the consumer for domestic use. Wind power Process The process begins when the wind turbine collates and collects the blowing wind into the system. As the intensity β†’

Good example of changes in demand – baby diapers and retirement villages essay

This might actually mean that the increase in the number of people of the particular age group leads to the increase in demand for products designated for this group, and on this basis trends in consumer demand can be forecast. Following the same logic, we can forecast changes in demand for products developed for babies β†’

Human relations movement essay examples

The developments in the workplace have therefore led to the need for human relations movement. The changes in the structure of an organization are caused by mergers, bankruptcies, acquisitions, business closing as well as outsourcing of business activities and services to foreign countries. It is therefore necessary to ensure that employees as well as customers β†’

My dream car essay

To calculate what I would pay monthly I will divide the amount by 36 to give $5605.53. In the second option; they can also give a five year loan subject to 3. This will be 3400.36. In the third option you can decide to finance the whole amount yourself.

Manage quality customer service essay sample

Secondly, the school need to identify the pros and the cons of private schooling and how the school can continually improve what is offered. Customer expectations are that the teacher is running on time so that there is no waiting around for lessons, the lesson goes for the amount of time that is advertised and β†’

Free report on identify problem of a company

To increase efficiency among the staff and enhance good communication between the staff, the vendors and the store owners, there is need to update the point of sale system. It is therefore important to evaluate if the entire staff are conversant with the point of sale systems.

Essay on a spectacle of our society

Because it is just a representation, meaning that the spectacle repeats itself many times and people get as much exposure to it as possible, the spectacle unavoidably becomes the reality. Due to it, people do not realize that the society of spectacle is well rooted in the past.

Example of budgeting for a poor family of four report

However, the house will be relatively small and the members of the family will have to squeeze in it. With this amount of cash, it is better to first budget for the basic needs before analyzing the other types of expenditure. This will help to increase the income of the β†’

Free creative writing on rough draft of affluneza essay

Moreover, one of the major effects of over-consumption that is, making consumers to become bankrupt is discussed in this paper. As stated above, the snowballing credit cards availability in our modern society is one of the main causes of the problem of over-consumption. In addition to this, this insatiable need for stuff make Americans spend β†’

Example of addressing rural homelessness case study

There has been a lot of debate concerning the homelessness of people in the rural areas. In addition to this, some of the income-generating activities found in the rural areas do not guarantee adequate income to purchase houses that are affordable.

Kudler fine foods – benefits and drivers proposal essay sample

This paper also identifies the internal and external drivers of innovation of Kudler Fine Foods. Mission Statement and Vision Summary Kathy Kudler, creator and owner, had a vision to offer customers the experience of shopping the world for fine foods in a one-stop convenience store. Team ' B' mission is to compile β†’

Normalization case studies examples

The illustration of bellow uses particular, and course tables to explain why conversion of the database to first, second and third normal form is appropriate in a college environment. Particular (Name, course_Code-> course_Number, department) In terms of first normal form, the two relations above must meet the definition of a relation as explained above β†’

Problem of study research proposal sample

Banks after the shock are striving to move forward exploit the opportunities in local and global market. The basic and the traditional form of banking have been playing the role of transformer or intermediary between the borrower and the lender. Browne has discussed the role of financial innovation that has provided the customers β†’

Report on external and internal environments of the intercontinental hotel corporation

Because of the many and sensitive services offered by the industry, there are many external factors that affect the business especially when the business is international like in the case of intercontinental hotels. The factors that affect the intercontinental hotel corporation to the greatest extend are the economic and environmental factors. The economy of a β†’

The address essay example

Hence we offer you a range of options and help you choose the program that best fits your needs. The current competitive marketplace allows your competitors to actively target your commercial customers for financial services outside your institution. That is how it becomes inevitable for you to choose a provider who is willing to work β†’

Good essay on commerce bank case study

In order to be at front, bank has to clear its value proposition to its customers. Background: it has been encountered that commerce bank started receiving complaints regarding the service that was the major priority of the organization and fire incident indicated the inefficiency and lack of training β†’

Zappos company essay sample

The brand of a company may lag behind the culture of Zappos, but it is felt that eventually brand will catch up to the culture. At Zappos their culture is their brand. This is a four week program that covers the company's history, the importance of customer service, the long term vision of the β†’

The realco breadmaster essay sample

This diagram allows us to have a simplified understanding of the results and benefits of what information and aspects of the company a master production schedule will take into consideration and what the resulting information to gain will be. This also allows for the company to be on the same page of expectation for production β†’

Increasing liquidity (money flow) of a company essay example

These are some of the ways in which liquidity can be increased Accounts of receivables and payables should be well managed to ensure that liquidity is always improving. Businesses avoid making losses as this will lead to low cash flow and creation of liquidity problems. Additionally, policies should be settled to those that are β†’

How does the fashion industry market to women as consumers research paper example

These events and shows as sources of innovation and have a tendency to create awareness among the target consumers of the latest in the clothing and fashion industry. This paper also looks at the relationship between the American culture and gender with respect to clothing and fashion consumption. American culture and gender in the clothing β†’

Developing good business sense essay

Executive chefs are involved in coordinating cooks and overseeing the preparation of meals to ensure uniformity in quality and presentation of meals. The employees of the hospital have to be kind, patient, empathetic and trustworthy in character as they will be dealing with people's private and confidential matters.

San diego mba application admission essay examples

I realized that my collaborative strengths are based on being social and diverse in matters of culture and change. In the Krispy Kreme/ Marketing Research Project, my role involved conducting a survey and coming up with the needs and wants of customers. I try to learn as much as I can from my fellow team β†’

Notion of beauty essay

I personally define ' beauty' as an abstract concept that is represented by a complex of specific traits and features of a concrete object that brings aesthetical pleasure to its observer. Times change and beauty standards of people and objects from different spheres of our life do change too. In reality, it leads to conflict β†’

Supply chain management case study example

The Root Beer Game Simulation In the Root Beer game simulation, I tried to forecast or predict the number of root beer cases to order in order to achieve as low a backlog and unused inventory as possible. Although I noticed that the order from customers was consistently for 100, 000 cases each β†’

Brazos partners essay sample

This group clearly has no problem raising capital, so I think that a decline in the returns and popularity of LBO's could prove to be a positive for the team as they will have less competition. Because Comark sells primarily to the government and educational institutions, the risk of recession or downturn is low, but β†’

New it solutions research paper samples

The transaction system will therefore be modified to accommodate and efficiently attend to complains by unsatisfied customers. When the customer first states their issue with the service they receive to the customer care agent at a receptionist desk by the entrance, the receptionist apologizes to the customers and inquires the specific details of the complaint β†’

Strategic plan essay sample

SWOTT Analysis To conduct a proper and appropriate SWOTT analysis of Healthy Place certain questions related to the strengths of the company, the resources that it has, the pros and cons of the company, its position and strength in the market and its competition are required to be answered. If the store will β†’

Employer: a chinese fast food restaurant owner essays examples

Every month we have a cleanup day in which participates all the time. While working as a cashier, is always very attentive with money.: Liuting Yang has good math skills and is able to count quickly and correctly. She is a good example of an employee whose work brings benefits both to her and the β†’

Ob analysis – telephone customer service representative essay sample

Job analysis is a concept used to develop a comprehensive description of a position that includes the job responsibilities and tasks performed, the tools utilized to perform those duties and the job's environment and working conditions. The primary responsibilities of the Telephone Customer Service Representative are as follows: -Answer incoming telephone calls from β†’