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Essay, 34 pages (9000 words)

Economic policy paper of import in bangladesh

FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS OF BANGLADESH 2008-09 Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS OF BANGLADESH 2008-09 October 2010 National Accounting Wing BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division Ministry of Planning Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh IX Foreword Foreign Trade Statistics (FTS), one of the core publications of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), is being published annually since 1973-74. It is The 23rd issue which contains information about exports and imports of 2008-09.

It should be mentionable here that it presents disaggregated data to the possible extent on foreign trade following Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS code). The data furnished in this report have been collected from National Board of Revenue (NBR). Although BBS used to collect some export and import documents from various customs stations to ensure complete coverage of foreign trade but for the present issue, the only data source is NBR which brings all the data generated in various customs stations under their documentation.

This edition has got two parts: Volume-I having five tables with export data and Volume-II containing four tables with import data. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the Director General and his fellow colleagues of BBS for bringing out this report. I also appreciate the relentless efforts of the concerned officers and staff of Foreign Trade Section of National Accounting Wing, BBS for collection and compilation of the data provided in this report. Any comments and suggestions from the users and other stakeholders for further improvement of the publication would be highly appreciated.

Dhaka October 2010 Riti Ibrahim Secretary Statistics Division Ministry of Planning X Preface Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has been publishing the Foreign Trade Statistics since 1973-74 regularly in order to ensure due coverage of foreign trade data. This publication provides ‘ Key Foreign Trade Statistics’ which gives an overview of the foreign trade of Bangladesh at a glance and ‘ Key Statistical Tables’ depict detailed foreign trade statistics on export and import for the fiscal year 200809. This is the 23rd issue of this publication. I extend my sincere thanks to Dr.

Syed Abu Asad, Director, Mr. Md. Dilder Hossain, Deputy Director and Md. Obaidullah, Assistant Statistical Officer of National Accounting Wing for their relentless efforts in bringing out this publication. I gratefully acknowledge the co-operation extended to us by National Board of Revenue (NBR) and the customs stations concerned in providing primary data on imports and exports for the fiscal year 2008-09. I firmly believe that the publication will be fruitful and appreciated if it becomes useful to concerned policy makers, planners, readers, business community and other stakeholders.

Any comments and suggestions for further improvement of this publication would be gratefully acknowledged and appreciated. Dhaka October 2010 Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah Director General Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics XI CONTENTS Foreword Preface Contents Key foreign trade statistics 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 Introduction Source of Data and Document Collection Scope and Coverage Classification of Commodity and Coding Data Processing, Tabulation and Publication System of Trade Computation of Trade Indices III V VII IX-XIII XIV XIV XV XV XVI XVII XVIII SECTION 1 : METHODS OF COMPILATION OF FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS

SECTION II : AN OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN TRADE OF BANGLADESH 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 2. 10 Balance of Trade Imports Exports Comparison of Foreign Trade Statistics from different sources Reasons for Variation with Bangladesh Bank data Direction of Trade in SAARC countries Export and Import by Accounts Summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade Export and Import of commodities by Section Direction of Trade by Area and Country XIX XX-XXVII XXVII-XXXI XXXII-XXXIII XXXIII-XXXIV XXXV XXXV XXXVI-XXXVII XXXVII XXXVIII-XLII STATISTICAL TABLES EXPORTS

Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Export of Commodity by Chapter 2-Digit Export of Commodity by 4-Digit Leve Export of Commodity by Unit, Quantity and Value Export of Commodity by Country 8-Digit Level Export from Bangladesh : Country by Commodity 1-2 3-17 18-75 76-361 362-610 XII CONTENTS Foreword Preface Contents Key foreign trade statistics 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 Introduction Source of Data and Document Collection Scope and Coverage Classification of Commodity and Coding Data Processing, Tabulation and Publication System of Trade Computation of Trade Indices III V VII IX-XIII XIV XIV XV XV XVI XVII XVIII

SECTION 1 : METHODS OF COMPILATION OF FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS SECTION II : AN OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN TRADE OF BANGLADESH 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 2. 10 Balance of Trade Imports Exports Comparison of Foreign Trade Statistics from different sources Reasons for Variation with Bangladesh Bank data Direction of Trade in SAARC countries Export and Import by Accounts Summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade Export and Import of commodities by Section Direction of Trade by Area and Country XIX XX-XXVII XXVII-XXXI XXXII-XXXIII XXXIII-XXXIV XXXV XXXV XXXVI-XXXVII XXXVII XXXVIII-XLII STATISTICAL TABLES IMPORTS

Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Import of Commodity by Chapter 2-Digit Import of Commodity by 4-Digit Level Import of Commodity by Unit, Quantity and Value Import into Bangladesh : Country by Commodity 1-3 4-28 29-145 146-897 XIII Editorial Committee CHAIRMAN Riti Ibrahim Secretary Statistics Division Ministry of Planning MEMBERS Md. Shahjahan Ali Mollah Sheikh Abdul Ahad Md. Nowsherwa Dr. Syed Abu Asad Abul Kalam Azad Md. Shahidul Islam Md. Obaidullah Director General Deputy Director General Director Director Deputy Director Statistical Officer Assistant Statistical Officer BBS BBS BBS BBS BBS BBS BBS

MEMBER – SECRETARY Md. Dilder Hossain Deputy Director BBS XIV Key Foreign Trade Statistics SL Item 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 IMPORTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total imports (Million Tk. ) Total imports (Million US $) Growth rate of imports (%) Imports as percent of GDP Imports as percent of revenue receipts Per capita import (Tk. ) Imports of consumer goods as % of total consumption Consumer goods Materials for consumer goods Capital goods Materials for capital goods Total 9. Composition of Major Imported Commodities %) Consumer goods Materials for consumer goods Capital goods Materials for capital goods Total 10.

Imports by Accounts (Million Tk. ) Private TCB Government Semi-government Nationalized industries Others Total 11. Imports by Routes (Million Tk. ) Sea Air 610007 66685 957874 873741 106758 1321859 1330825 110937 586592 96760 86450 152 769954 691294 456 270595 962345 972647 2036 143981 1371916 3351 121455 1415982 2826 162090 9. 25 68. 20 20. 88 1. 67 100 8. 02 72. 31 18. 44 1. 23 100 9. 06 69. 38 18. 01 3. 55 100 12. 29 73. 24 13. 39 1. 08 100 9. 87 75. 55 13. 17 1. 41 100 769954 12542. 0 22. 14 20. 8 196. 4 5620 2. 4 962345 14346. 2 24. 99 23. 1 214. 48 6933 2. 33 1118664 16226. 6 16. 24 23. 9 226. 12 7956 2. 2 1496722 21818. 1 33. 80 27. 6 247. 24 10511 4. 52 1580898 22981. 5 5. 62 25. 7 228. 5 10963 3. 18 8. Imports of Major Commodities (Million Taka) 71195 525124 160778 12857 769954 77154 695891 177431 11869 962345 101362 776134 201503 39665 1118664 183909 1096276 200333 16204 1496722 156079 1194388 208142 22289 1580898 1118664 1496722 1580898 XV Key Foreign Trade Statistics SL Item Land Total 12 Rice and wheat Milk and cream Petroleum products Fertilizer Plastic Articles Iron and steel Machinery and equip. incld. Electrical applies. 2004-05 93262 769954 23235 7491 34141 18231 20485 27892 150241 35051 24797 26620 005-06 4471 962345 36208 5764 110310 21936 33876 44747 204951 62114 51867 58028 2006-07 138165 1118664 40127 6555 125251 21567 42238 46484 243665 28890 65175 76279 2007-08 174863 1496722 81791 12135 121253 44465 53030 58427 136150 45228 91783 132605 2008-09 139135 1580898 16142 39002 162348 58342 52188 85819 140548 49132 79735 124321 Imports of Selected Principal Commodities (Million Tk. ) Man-made staple fibre Raw cotton Edible oil 13 Unit Price of Selected Imported Commodities (Taka Per Metric Ton) Rice Wheat Raw cotton Edible oil Fertilizer Cement(Clinker) Cement(Portland, white)

Cement (Portland, others) Other Hydraulic Cement Crude petroleum oil Petroleum products Cotton yarn & synthetic yarn Staple fibre 15800 11733 84560 27570 14440 2287 11500 4000 16472 8430 21911 155820 170189 14600 10260 93330 29150 13900 2000 12300 4380 16100 8000 12432 166771 172400 16850 12190 83050 31660 14300 3060 12000 6884 16000 8800 14312 160509 171808 23840 26690 94200 53357 32670 3200 12400 6478 27443 16400 26500 181300 206290 23730 24210 97130 53470 33010 3380 13400 6380 28100 23450 27900181500 252390 EXPORTS 14 15 16 Exports (Million Tk. ) Exports (Million US $) Growth rate of exports (%) 532831 8679. 21. 9 691950 10315 29. 9 850309 12334. 04 22. 89 985931 14372 15. 95 1074992 15627. 16 9. 03 XVI Key Foreign Trade Statistics SL Item 17 18 19 Exports as percent of GDP Per capita exports (Tk. ) Exports of Major Commodities (Million Tk. ) Consumer goods Materials for consumer goods Capital goods Materials for capital goods Total 20. Consumer goods Materials for consumer goods Capital goods Materials for capital goods Total 21. Exports by Accounts (Million Tk. ) Private TCB Government Semi-government Nationalized industries Others Total 22. Exports by Routes (Million Tk. ) Sea Air Land Total 23. 41356 52842 38633 532831 691950 691950 726041 75010 49257 850309 809614 152655 23662 985931 938678 78311 58003 1074992 522636 1 2710 7484 532831 684115 2646 5189 691950 845746 4072 491 850309 970326 2875 12730 985931 1056746 1469 16777 1074992 459234 70713 2818 66 532831 86. 19 13. 27 0. 53 0. 01 100 554384 132507 5022 37 343 691950 80. 12 19. 15 0. 72 0. 01 100 850309 86. 42 12. 83 0. 71 0. 04 100 985931 85. 81 12. 42 0. 53 1. 24 100 1074992 88. 20 10. 56 0. 46 0. 78 100 Composition of Major Exported Commodities (%) 734798 109136 6032 846059 122436 5255 12181 948195 113513 4888 8396 2004-05 14. 7 3889 2005-06 16. 63 4985 2006-07 18. 19 6048 2007-08 18. 19 6924 2008-09 17. 5 7455 Exports of Selected Principal Commodities (Million Tk. ) Readymade garments (RMG) Fish Raw Jute 398149 23447 5269 449174 31040 9004 633430 43257 11930 734651 47662 12874 849673 30175 9907 XVII Key Foreign Trade Statistics SL Item Jute goods (except carpet) Raw hides, skins & leather Tea Naphtha & furnace oil Vegetables, Fresh/Chilled Pharmaceutical Products Fertilizer Footwear China/Ceramic Table ware Hats & other Headgear Terry Toweling 24. Raw Jute Jute goods (except carpet) Tea Raw hides skins & leather Fertilizer 25 26.

Shrimps & prawn Balance of Trade (Million Taka) Variation of Imports by Sources (Million Tk. ) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) over Bangladesh Bank (BB) % variation of BBS over BB 27. Variation of Exports by Sources (Million Tk. ) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) over Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) % variation of BBS over EPB 28. Variation of Imports by Sources (Million Tk. ) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) over National Board of Revenue (NBR) % variation of BBS over NBR 491 -15514 9306 17931 4107 -38996 -5. 06 -28955 -3. 01 -65234 -5. 83 13004 0. 88 32686 2. 1 2004-05 11615 13649 978 1751 2595 1196 5306 4900 1661 3726 3546 17024 34407 77904 452879 8000 570000 -237123 2005-06 18836 15651 713 4211 1913 1505 4608 5398 1632 3949 4263 18120 34561 80290 447350 8000 617060 -270395 2006-07 26757 18421 480 5267 2141 1914 5851 8590 2103 4563 5665 17880 40914 91020 529280 9000 601260 -268355 2007-08 28142 19843 1024 7134 4217 2869 3070 1129 2677 5058 7120 20235 48251 99170 404359 15998 579490 -510791 2008-09 26151 12350 844 10121 2634 2444 7392 12593 2072 4513 8095 20570 53110 102780 578880 15000 560340 -505906 Unit Price of Selected Export Commodities (Tk. Per M. Ton) 0. 09 -2. 24 1. 09 . 82 0. 38 XVIII Key Foreign Trade Statistics SL 29. Item Variation of Exports by Sources (Million Tk. ) Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) over Bangladesh Bank (BB) % variation of BBS over BB Note: – denotes negative and (P) denotes provisional. 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 24481 4. 59 -96838 -13. 99 10765 1. 27 29165 3. 05 100011 10. 25 XIX SECTION -I FOREIGN TRADE STATISTICS METHODS OF COMPILATION 1. 1 Introduction Collection, compilation and dissemination of Foreign Trade Statistics (FTS) on both exports and imports are considered as one of the prime activities of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).

BBS has been performing this task since 1973-74 annually. The specific objective of FTS is to ensure timely availability of foreign trade data for policy makers, planners, researchers and other users. This publication contains data on exports and imports with unit, value, quantity and country of origin by commodity following harmonized commodity description and coding system (HS code) at 2 to 8 digits level. Publishing micro level data on foreign trade is considered as one of the most attractive and useful features of the report to its users.

To maximize utilization of the publication by the stakeholders, time series data together with comparative statistics have also been incorporated. To have an overall view at a glance about foreign trade trend, summary and key findings have been added at the beginning of the report. 1. 2 Sources of Data and Collection of Document At present, BBS collects foreign trade data only from secondary sources. All data originated from the various customs stations such as sea, land and air ports have been collected from the National Board of Revenue (NBR).

NBR collects data from all customs stations that are the primary sources of foreign trade data. BBS brings CD-Roms from NBR which contain data in tabular form covering many fields. BBS uses some data as per its requirements from these divergent fields. For sea-born data, in the past, BBS collected ‘ bills of entry’ for import and ‘ shipping bills’ for export entries. For customs clearance, the importers had to submit bill of entry and exporters shipping bills to the customs houses located at the sea port of Chittagong and Mongla for every consignment imported into or intended for export from Bangladesh.

BBS personnel posted at Chittagong and Mongla Customs Houses were responsible for collecting and sending these bills to Foreign Trade Section of National Accounting Wing. The staffs posted at the said two customs houses used to collect the documents regularly and carried them to Dhaka twice or thrice a month. At present, BBS only collects data from NBR in CD-Rom. XX Accordingly, in the past, the land-born foreign trade data were compiled from the monthly returns received from the land customs stations across the country. Air-borne data were collected from the airborne trade returns.

These are the bill of entries for imports and customs statements for exports that are received from the air freight unit in Dhaka. But at present, both land-born and air-born foreign trade data have been collected from NBR in CD-Rom. 1. 3 Scope and Coverage Except military hardware, bullion, currency notes, coins and goods in transit, FTS includes all other commodities which pass through the boundary of customs territory. In case of import, all goods and commodities entering the country and for exports, all goods and commodities leaving the country are incorporated in FTS.

FTS also cover the commodities imported for and exported from Export Processing Zones (EPZ). The entire exports and imports by various routes such as sea, air, land and postal parcels are taken into account. 1. 4 Classification of Commodity and Coding On the basis of ‘ harmonized commodity description and coding system (HS code)’ based on the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Rev-3, FTS of Bangladesh are compiled and classified. These classifications are arranged in 98 chapters under 21 sections which cover all commodities of international trade.

They include broad headings of commodities at 4-digit level and detailed description at 8-digit level. BBS has prepared the HS code at 2 to 8-digit level to cover all commodities under foreign trade. Imports are recorded by country of consignment and exports by country of the last known destination. BBS enlists the quantities and values recorded in CD-Rom by NBR against HS code and commodities imported and exported. BBS does not change the value of the commodity given by NBR. But, in case of quantity, BBS checks and rechecks them in order to find out any inconsistencies between value and quantity.

If any anomaly is found, BBS examines it and fixes a reasonable figure of quantity based on observations of last few years’ figures of the same commodity. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics follows Brussels Definition of Value (BDV) for the purpose of valuation. The BDV of goods was introduced in December, 1950 under the Principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT). The objective was to provide a comparable system of valuation. It has been accepted by almost all countries of the world.

Under the BDV, the dutiable value of goods imported for home consumption is calculated at normal price i. e. , the price which they could fetch at the time when duty becomes payable on a sale in the open market. In practice, valuation of XXI goods is rather tricky and depends on expediency of revenue collection. Currently, tariff values or the international prices are perceived by the customs authority from floor level for the purpose of determining customs and related duties. BBS records import value on cost, insurance and freight (CIF) basis and export value on free on board (FOB) basis. . 5 Data processing, tabulation and publication Foreign Trade Section (FTS) under National Accounting Wing collects CD from NBR on a monthly basis. Then that CD is sent to the Computer Wing of BBS for rearranging, processing, tabulating etc. After completion of related works the Computer Wing sends back the tabulation sheets to FTS for correction, compilation and editing. Then FTS sends those sheets back to the Computer Wing for reposting the corrected entries. The Computer Wing then incorporates the corrected figures and prints a copy for further checking.

After a final checking, the Computer Wing prints the final tables. Though most of the tabulations are made according to HS Coding, some selected tabulations are done on the basis of category of goods by different exporting or importing accounts. Selected monthly tables are published in the Monthly Statistical Bulletin and other monthly and annual publications of BBS. FTS are published on fiscal year basis, from July 1 to June 30. 1. 6 Systems of Trade There are two systems of computing trade statistics: (i) the special trade system and (ii) the general trade system.

Special trade system is based on the concept of “ clearance through the customs frontiers” which is, in fact, the statistical boundary. Any commodity not cleared by the customs is excluded from such statistics. The general system of trade considers the national boundary as the statistical frontier. It means that all goods and commodities except military goods, bullion, currency notes, coins and goods in transit, entering or leaving the country are recorded in trade statistics. Earlier Bangladesh followed the special trade system. For better coverage Bangladesh is now applying the general trade system.

The main characteristics of the general system of trade are summarized below: General System of Trade Imports: i) ii) iii) Exports: i) Exports of national produce. XXII Imports “ entering directly” for home consumption or use. Imports into customs bonded manufacturing plants. Imports into customs bonded warehouses and free area. ii) iii) iv) Exports from customs bonded manufacturing plants. Nationalized exports. Exports from customs bonded warehouses and free area. Re-export is included after clearance from customs and falls under category (iii) and (iv) mentioned above. . 7 Computation of Trade Indices Indices of imports and exports are designed to measure the overall position and direction of movements of values, prices and quantities of commodities which are bought and sold in the international market. Construction of indices is based on published data. Unit Price Index is computed by taking 2002-2003 as the base year. Unit Price Index (UPI): It represents the overall direction of price movements of commodities bought and sold in the international market. Prices are based on FOB values of exports and CIF values of imports.

The main reasons for selection of 2002-03 as base year are: i) It was considered a normal year for business/trade activity. ii) HS coding system at 8 digit level was adopted in BBS in 2002-03. In HS coding system, the total number of commodities is 8123. For better classification and representation of new commodities in the index basket, the year of introducing HS code was chosen as the base year. BBS has been computing various annual indices of foreign trade and publishing them in its Monthly Statistical Bulletin and other monthly and annual publications. XXIII SECTION- II BANGLADESH FOREIGN TRADE: AN OVERVIEW . 1 Balance of Trade Foreign trade plays a vital role in achieving rapid economic development of a country. Since Bangladesh is a developing country, foreign trade can be considered of pivotal importance. But unfortunately, trade balance of this country is still very unfavorable. Each year Bangladesh has to spend a huge amount of money for importing consumer goods and materials which is not a positive sign for our country. Bangladesh also spends much more for importing industrial raw materials, but it is a positive signal for our economy as it shows enhanced production of the economy.

The country’s requirement of petroleum products is entirely met by import. During the last five years, current gap in trade balance of Bangladesh is the highest. It is observed from the last five year figures given in Table 2. 1 that the trade gap is widening gradually. With a view to reducing the gap between exports and imports, the Government is trying to boost up the volume of exports by aiding private exporters in many ways. Arrangement of trade fairs at home and abroad is an effective measure of promoting export. Over the last few years, some non-traditional items have been enlisted in the list of exportable commodities.

The trend of balance of trade of Bangladesh during the last 5 years is shown below: Table 2. 1 Balance of Trade of Bangladesh during last five years. Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Trade balance (million Tk. ) -237123 -270395 -268355 -510791 -505906 Ratio of export and import 1: 1. 45 1: 1. 39 1: 1. 32 1: 1. 52 1: 1. 47 Note: Trade balance is negative (-) for Bangladesh. XXIV Fig 2. 1: Balance of trade (million taka). 600000 500000 Trade balance 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 Series1 It is evident from the table 2. 1 that the trade gap in 2008-09 had been reduced.

In 2007-08, it was 510791 million which had been decreased to 505906 million in 2008-09. 2. 2 Imports During the last five years, the average growth of import was recorded to 20. 56%, the lowest 5. 62% in 2008-09 and the highest 33. 80% in 2007-08. Average import value during 2004-05 to 2008-09 had been Tk. 1185717. 00 billion. Total import value in 2008-09 had been 1580898. 00 million in taka and 22981. 51 million in US dollar. Year wise imports are given in table 2. 2. Table 2. 2: Imports of Bangladesh from 2004-05 to 2008-09. Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Import (million Tk. 769954 962345 1118664 1496722 1580898 Import (million US dollars) 12542. 00 14346. 20 16226. 63 21818. 10 22981. 51 % change (In Tk. ) 22. 14 24. 98 16. 24 33. 80 5. 62 XXV Fig 2. 2: Import of Bangladesh (million taka) 1800000 1600000 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 2. 2. 1 Monthly and Quarterly Imports The following table shows the monthly and the quarterly imports of commodities during 2008-09. Graphical representation of the quarterly trend of import volume has shown in Fig. 2. 3. Table 2. 3: Monthly and Quarterly Trend of Imports during last year.

Month/Quarter Million Tk July – Sept ‘ 08 July Aug. Sept. Oct – Dec’08 Oct Nov. Dec. Jan – Mar’09 Jan. Feb. Mar Apr – Jun’09 Apr May Jun Total (July – June) 476461 165867 136752 173842 317917 150822 51936 115159 362936 151085 118490 93361 423584 148191 135582 139811 1580898 Import Million US $ 6937. 87 2414. 37 1989. 70 2533. 80 4629. 01 2197. 93 756. 67 1674. 41 5266. 73 2192. 00 1719. 90 1354. 83 6147. 90 2152. 45 1970. 67 2024. 78 22981. 51 30. 14 10. 49 8. 65 11. 00 20. 11 9. 54 3. 29 7. 28 22. 96 9. 56 7. 50 5. 90 26. 79 9. 37 8. 58 8. 84 100 % of Million US $ Value

XXVI Fig 2. 3: Quarterly trend of import (million taka). 600000 500000 400000 Value 300000 200000 100000 0 July – Sept ‘ 08 Oct – Dec’08 Jan – Mar’09 Apr – Jun’09 The volume of import in the first quarter had been 6937. 87 million US dollar-30. 14% of the totalwhich was 3. 35% higher in comparison with the fourth quarter. Import in the first quarter was higher than that in all other quarters. Table 2. 4 analyses the comparative position of major commodities grouped as consumer goods, materials for consumer goods, capital goods and materials for capital goods. Table 2. : Imports by Major Commodities, 2004-05 to 2008-09 (million taka) Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Consumer Goods 71195 77154 101362 183909 156079 Materials for Consumer Goods 525124 695891 776134 1096276 1194389 Capital Goods 160778 177431 201503 200332 208141 Materials for Capital Goods 12857 11869 39665 16205 22289 Total 769954 962345 1118664 1496722 1580898 XXVII Fig 2. 4: Import by major commodity (million taka) 1400000 1200000 Value 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 FY05 Consumer Goods FY06 FY07 Capital Goods FY08 FY09 Materials for Consumer Goods

Materials for Capital Goods Fig. 2. 4 shows that import value of materials for consumer goods remains always significantly higher than all other major commodities and it is increasing continuously. 2. 2. 2 Import of Principal Goods The imports of principal goods during the last five years are given below: Table 2. 5: Import of Principal Goods during last five years (million taka). Principal commodities Milk and cream Sugar Rice Wheat Raw cotton Petroleum oil (crude) Petroleum products Fertilizer Plastics and articles Edible oil Iron & steel Machinery equipment inclu.

Elec. Appliance 2004-05 7491 14798 8584 14651 42797 9269 34141 18231 20485 26620 27892 150241 12675 57974 2005-06 5764 13640 14183 22025 52734 10932 98815 21936 33876 56836 44747 204951 12387 59300 2006-07 6555 17224 10678 29449 65175 18420 125251 21567 42238 76279 46484 243664 15012 30413 2007-08 12135 28247 39489 42302 91783 13223 108030 44465 53030 132605 58427 241068 46934 104579 2008-09 17842 24100 16142 39002 79736 16311 151018 58342 52188 124321 85819 250240 56408 144169 Textile yarn (cotton & synthetic) Textile fabrics (cotton & synthetic) XXVIII 2. . 3 Direction of Imports by Country Import of commodities from top ten countries to Bangladesh is presented in Table 2. 6 during 2007-08 and 2008-09 in order of magnitude. Table 2. 6: Imports from top ten countries, 2007-08 & 2008-09. Country 1. China 2. India 3. Indonesia 4. Singapore 5. Japan 6. Republic of Korea 7. Kuwait 8. Hongkong 9. Malaysia 10. Germany 11. Others Countries Total import Value 268890 206664 84084 36900 71235 54461 87265 39464 48820 25338 533334 1496722 2007-08 % of Total 17. 97 13. 81 5. 64 2. 47 4. 76 3. 64 5. 83 2. 64 3. 26 1. 69 35. 3 100 (million taka) 2008-09 Value % of total 272858 17. 26 163717 10. 36 91560 5. 79 90864 5. 75 89063 5. 63 71917 4. 55 71644 4. 53 67692 4. 28 61780 3. 91 42603 2. 69 557200 35. 25 1580898 100 2. 2. 4 Unit Prices of Selected Imported Commodities Import price is an important indicator for fixing up tariff and taxation, policy formulation and domestic market analysis. Table below shows the unit price of selected major commodities of imported goods during 2007-08 to 2008-09. Table 2. 7: Unit Prices of Selected Commodities, 2007-08 & 2008-09. (Value in taka) Selected commodities 1.

Rice 2. Wheat 3. Edible oil 4. Petroleum oil (crude) 5. Petroleum products 6. Plastics and articles 7. Raw cotton Unit M. T M. T M. T M. T M. T M. T M. T 8. Cotton yarn & synthetic yarn M. T 9. Cement( Clinker) M. T 10. Made made staple fibre M. T 11. Fertilizers M. T 12. Iron and steel M. T 2007-08 23840 26690 53357 16400 27221 69230 94200 162410 3200 206293 32670 27080 2008-09 23730 24210 56340 17000 27900 70710 97130 171740 3380 252390 33010 35910 % change over 2007-08 -0. 46 -9. 29 5. 59 3. 66 2. 49 2. 14 3. 11 5. 74 5. 63 22. 35 1. 04 32. 61 Table 2. shows that in 2008-09, the unit prices of all selected commodities except rice and wheat had been increased comparing to the previous year. XXIX 2. 2. 5 Unit Price Index of Selected Imported Commodities The following table gives the unit price index (UPI) of selected import items during 2007-08 and 2008-09. Table 2. 8: Unit Price Index of Imports, 2007-08 & 2008-09. (Base: 2002-2003 = 100) Commodity General Index Live poultry Meat of sheep Milk powder Butter fat/oil Onion/garlic Dried leguminous vegetables (shelled) Fruits Spices Cereals Starch Oilseed Edible oil(Palm & Sayabean) Sugar Oil cake animal feeding

Tobacco non-manufactured Cement clinker Petroleum/petroleum products Inorganic chemicals Organic chemicals Pharmaceutical products Fertilizer Tanning and dyeing substances Mixtures of odoriferous Organic surface active agent Insecticides Finishing agent dyeing for textile Industries Plastic materials Rubber and rubber articles Wood in the rough Pulps of other fibrous cellulosic materials & waste & scrap paper or paper board Paper and paper board Raw cotton Cotton textile Synthetic textile Staple fibres Unit No. Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg C. M. Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg 2007-08 155. 5 114. 75 110. 44 170. 25 99. 20 139. 53 159. 75 127. 52 125. 71 229. 23 121. 51 128. 77 174. 70 121. 54 106. 32 121. 88 141. 75 255. 76 150. 41 129. 52 94. 64 483. 98 121. 78 88. 78 124. 33 95. 86 128. 56 138. 86 138. 16 104. 87 136. 97 126. 75 118. 40 118. 11 114. 02 110. 23 2008-09 165. 59 120. 41 87. 72 157. 36 116. 48 177. 07 120. 96 122. 70 125. 42 218. 69 139. 78 135. 65 231. 83 117. 45 131. 23 141. 72 149. 59 299. 51 161. 27 121. 62 109. 59 489. 08 130. 48 91. 21 125. 83 114. 74 155. 32 151. 96 141. 52 120. 59 107. 09 134. 64 122. 09 120. 90 124. 10 132. 71 XXX Table 2. 8: Unit Price Index of Imports, 2007-08 & 2008-09.

Commodity Special woven fabrics Knitted fabrics Second hand clothing Float glass and surface ground or polished glass in sheet Iron and steel and articles thereof Copper and copper articles Aluminum and articles thereof Steam and vapour generating boiler Spark & compression ignition Combustion engine & parts Mechanical and electrical machineries Equipment and parts Agriculture and other machinery Textile and sewing machinery Rolling mills and machine tools Data processing machines Machinery for sorting, screening, washing crushing, grinding mixing of stone, or other mineral substances Machinery for working rubber or plastics Machines and mechanical appliances Mould box base pattern rubber/plastics Electric generator and transformer

Electric accumulators including separator Electrical apparatus for line-telephone or line telegraphy Computer articles Transmission reception apparatus others Television including video Monitors/Projector Electrical parts thereof Electronic integrated circuit and microassembles Insulated wire cable and other insulated electric conductors Electrical Insulator of any material Tractors Transport seating capacity ten or more Motor cycle Motor car and station wagon Unit Kg Kg Kg Sq. m Kg Kg Kg Kg No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 2007-08 97. 66 120. 67 103. 86 97. 95 142. 70 137. 72 146. 31 89. 28 123. 85 115. 14 113. 95 115. 73 120. 48 94. 97 131. 37 (Base: 2002-2003 = 100) 2008-09 130. 95 134. 22 86. 30 121. 25 185. 84 162. 53 148. 22 80. 24 102. 28 125. 17 110. 79 106. 76 137. 19 98. 99 100. 85 No. No. Kg No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No.

No. No. 134. 28 146. 26 119. 63 119. 59 146. 13 134. 17 128. 83 116. 05 115. 04 123. 70 108. 21 145. 68 147. 73 113. 44 117. 29 128. 50 111. 46 91. 49 131. 03 131. 60 125. 27 147. 48 154. 33 99. 44 108. 48 152. 56 134. 85 132. 77 124. 68 139. 07 115. 73 XXXI Table 2. 8: Unit Price Index of Imports, 2007-08 & 2008-09. Commodity Bi-cycle Ships and vessels Medical instruments Gas liquid or electricity supply or production meter Prefabricated building Buttons, press fasteners snap fasteners etc. Slide fasteners and parts 2. 3 Exports Total value of exports in 2008-09 is Tk 1074992 million that reflects 9. 03% increase comparing to that in 2007-08.

As the volume of export of some goods, readymade garments, raw hides & skin, footwear, made-up textile articles, special woven fabrics, has risen up, the total value of export has gone up. Table 2. 9: Exports of Bangladesh during last five years. Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Export (Million Tk. ) 532831 691950 850309 985931 1074992 Export (Million US dollars) 8679 10315 12334 14372 15627 % Change (in Tk. ) 21. 90 29. 86 22. 89 15. 95 9. 03 Unit No. No. No. No. Kg Kg Kg 2007-08 120. 25 136. 95 131. 68 141. 81 124. 16 147. 91 109. 64 (Base: 2002-2003 = 100) 2008-09 118. 62 136. 86 112. 18 146. 49 143. 07 145. 74 133. 90 XXXII Fig 2. 5: Export of Bangladesh (million taka). 1200000 1000000 800000 Export 600000 400000 200000 0 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 2. 3. 1 Trends of Monthly and Quarterly Exports Table 2. 0 presents monthly and quarterly exports that follow thoroughly upward trend up to the end of the year. Table 2. 10: Monthly and Quarterly Trend of Exports during last year. Month/Quarter Million Tk. July-Sept’08 July Aug Sep Oct-Dec’08 Oct Nov Dec Jan-Mar’09 Jan Feb Mar Apr-June’09 Apr May Jun Total(July – June) 298288 104193 93054 101041 231812 59725 89407 82680 271945 97050 85008 89887 272947 81447 93722 97778 1074992 Export Million US$ 4344. 57 1516. 64 1353. 91 1474. 02 3375. 01 870. 37 1302. 55 1202. 09 3946. 33 1407. 95 1233. 97 1304. 41 3961. 25 1182. 96 1362. 24 1416. 05 15627. 16 Percentage of Total 27. 75 9. 69 8. 66 9. 40 21. 56 5. 56 8. 32 7. 68 25. 0 9. 03 7. 91 8. 36 25. 39 7. 58 8. 72 9. 09 100 XXXIII Fig 2. 6: Quarterly trend of export (million taka) 350000 300000 250000 Value 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 July-Sept’08 Oct-Dec’08 Jan-Mar’09 Apr-June’09 Table 2. 10A: Sector Composition of Export Commodities, 2008-09. (in million taka) Sector composition of commodities 1. Consumer goods 2. Materials for consumer goods 3. Capital goods 4. Materials for capital goods Total July-Sept. 08 Oct. -Dec. 08 Jan. -Mar. 09 Apr. -June. 09 Total 258954 34120 661 4554 298289 206430 23882 834 666 231812 242914 25570 2243 1217 271944 239897 29941 1150 1959 272947 948195 113513 4888 8396 1074992 Table 2. 0A explains that Bangladesh earns significantly more exporting consumer goods and materials for consumer goods. Table 2. 11: Export of Principal commodities during last five years (in million taka). Principal Commodities Readymade garments Made up textile articles Vegetable textile fibre/ yarn Shrimps and prawn 19915 27656 XXXIV 2004-05 398149 16636 17332 2005-06 478226 18987 22870 2006-07 633430 27040 30021 39026 2007-08 734651 31610 34569 41890 2008-09 849673 36544 27811 24338 Foot wear Hides, skins and leather Raw jute Special Woven fabrics Fertilizer Hats and other headgear 5358 13649 5269 3823 5306 3758 5906 15651 9004 5259 4609 3989 8590 18421 11930 6928 5851 4615 11295 19843 12874 7451 3070 4989 12593 12350 9907 8432 7392 4513

Out of ten major items, the exports of five commodities have been increased and another five decreased. Exports of readymade garments have been increased by 15. 66%, made up textile articles 15. 61%, fertilizer 140. 70%, foot wear 11. 49% and special woven fabrics 13. 76%. 2. 3. 2 Direction of Export by Country Bangladesh exports more in terms of number of items and value to the United States of America and European Countries. Following table shows the countries where Bangladesh exports more. Table 2. 12: Export to Principal Countries, 2007-08 & 2008-09. (million taka) Countries where we exports 1. U. S. A 2. Germany 3. UK 4. France 5. Netherlands 6. Canada 7. Italy 8. Spain 9. Belgium 10. Turkey 11.

Other countries Total exports 2007-08 Value 251465 149852 94579 66126 45231 36771 40009 41153 36896 16774 207075 985931 % of total 25. 51 15. 20 9. 59 6. 71 4. 59 3. 73 4. 06 4. 17 3. 74 1. 70 21. 00 100 Value 251780 141982 93148 65232 62426 41518 39210 38033 24664 20273 296726 1074992 2008-09 % of total 23. 42 13. 21 8. 66 6. 07 5. 81 3. 86 3. 65 3. 54 2. 29 1. 89 27. 60 100 Data put in table2. 12 show that the country where we have exported the largest in 2008-09 as well as in 2007-08 is the United States of America. 2. 3. 3 Unit Price of Selected Export Items The trend of unit price of major export items is presented in the following table.

It is observed that the unit prices of most of the major export commodities have increased in 2008-09 as compared to the previous years. XXXV Table 2. 13: Unit Price of Principal Export Items during last five years. Item Tea Terry toweling Fertilizer Raw hides and skin Shrimps & prawns Raw jute Jute goods Unit 2004-05 77. 90 150. 23 8000 452840 570 17024 34407 2005-06 80. 29 155. 35 8000 447350 617 18120 34561 2006-07 91. 02 163. 82 9000 529280 601 17880 40914 (Value in taka) 2007-08 99. 17 218. 17 16000 404350 580 20180 52000 2008-09 102. 78 221. 32 15000 5078880 560 20570 54230 Kg Kg MT MT Kg MT MT 2. 3. 4 : Unit Price Index of Exports Table below presents the unit price index (taka) of exports of selected principal commodities during 2007-08 and 2008-09. Table 2. 4: Unit Price Index of Exports, 2007-08 & 2008-09. Commodity General Index Fish Vegetables, fresh /chilled Tea Naphtha & furnace oil Pharmaceutical products Fertilizer Leather, raw hides & skins Raw jute Jute goods Terry Toweling Readymade garments Tents Footwear Hats & other headgear China Ceramic tableware Unit Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg No. Kg Pair Kg Kg 2007-08 131. 56 109. 43 127. 56 137. 74 170. 15 128. 30 228. 63 94. 03 144. 14 123. 64 136. 36 132. 84 91. 42 137. 28 115. 18 118. 38 (Base: 2002-2003 = 100) 2008-09 141. 50 101. 19 144. 12 142. 74 158. 40 103. 06 214. 33 134. 62 146. 93 165. 59 138. 32 142. 52 106. 74 142. 78 125. 84 136. 69

XXXVI The general unit price index of various export commodities has increased in 2008-09 as compared to the previous year. 2. 4 Comparison of Foreign Trade Data among different sources. Table 2. 15 and table 2. 16 indicate a comparative analysis of total imports and exports by various sources. Data therein expose that the export values compiled by BBS in different years are higher than the data processed by Bangladesh Bank (BB) except in 1997-98, 1999-00, 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2006-07, and Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) continually, except 2006-07 and 2008-09, produces higher figures than BBS and higher than or equal to BB during last twelve years.

In 2008-09, export figure of BBS slightly higher than BB and EPB and in case of import value, BBS is also higher than BB. Table 2. 15 Total Value of Export Years BBS BB EPB (million taka) Difference with BBS over BB EPB -4756 -9291 -40770 -42111 -41542 -41269 -11174 491 -15514 9306 17931 4107 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 229408 245620 247415 306476 302119 337885 437098 532831 691950 850309 985931 1074992 234164 208508 249165 324198 309363 332431 405806 508350 788788 839544 956766 974981 234164 254911 288185 348587 343661 379154 448272 532340 707464 841003 968000 1070885 -4756 37112 -1750 -17722 -7244 5454 31292 24481 -96838 10765 29165 100011

With regard to sources, the gap between BBS and EPB is likely to be due to coverage and processing errors and Bangladesh Bank data, may be, differ from the other two sources because of conceptual and methodological differences. The value of imports by sources is given in table 2. 16. XXXVII Table 2. 16 Total Value of Imports Years BBS BB (million taka) Difference/Variation of (As % of BBS data) BB with BBS data Million % -7. 19 -13. 01 -13. 64 -15. 28 5. 39 -10. 47 -1. 94 -5. 06 -3. 01 -5. 83 -. 87 -2. 07 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 318916 341017 372022 436949 518443 506200 630363 769954 962345 1118664 1496722 1580898 341831 385371 422775 503710 490491 559176 642565 808950 991300 1183898 1483718 1548212 22915 -44354 -50753 -66761 27952 -52976 -12202 -38996 -28955 -65234 13004 45690 Source: Annual statement of Bangladesh Bank. (Note: (-) denotes negative) 2. 5 Reasons for variation with Bangladesh Bank data Both Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and Bangladesh Bank compile and publish FTS on a regular basis but there are often differences between them because of variations in concepts, definitions and sources of data. The followings are the possible reasons: • Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics follows the concepts and definitions recommended by the United Nations (Statistical paper series M. No. 52, 1970). Accordingly, goods and commodities which physically cross the customs territory are considered for compilation. On the other hand, the Bangladesh Bank follows the concept of cash flow as recorded in the trade returns and receipt of foreign exchange for exports and remittance of the same through banking channels for imports. • The two approaches also do not match in time frame because Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics records the information as and when the commodities physically pass through XXXVIII or enter into customs territory of the country, while the Bangladesh Bank records information from exchange control records after banking formalities are completed. • The Bangladesh Bank does not ensure that all goods have actually passed through or entered into the customs boundary of the country. • The amount of commitment or disbursement of loans/credits and grants by foreign countries is considered as import by the Bangladesh Bank without lassifying component commodities against that amount. • The Government agencies often do not pay customs duty for some imported goods such as rice, wheat, crude petroleum, fertilizer etc. As a result, very often, “ Bills of Entry” are not submitted for these goods. Moreover, the Government sometimes imports some dutiable goods which are released by customs pending payment of customs duties. Subsequently, “ Bills of Entry” may not be submitted for these goods. • Sometimes a “ Letter of Credit (L. C)” is opened for certain goods but shipment is made for different goods which are seized by the customs authority and sold out through auction, “ Bills of entry” are not received for these goods. Accompanied and unaccompanied dutiable baggage brought in by passengers and also commodities coming in through postal parcels are included by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and not by the Bangladesh Bank. • Fuels and ship-stores purchased by the resident transportation companies in foreign ports are covered by the Bangladesh Bank as imports but BBS excludes these as there is no way of tracing such goods from customs records. 2. 6 SAARC Countries: Direction of Trade The direction of trade in SAARC countries is given below. It is evident from the data that the pattern of trade among the SAARC countries is subject to wide fluctuations. Table 2. 17: SAARC Countries: Direction of Trade (Value in million taka) SAARC Countries Bhutan India 2007-08 Export 2. 14 21556. 11 008-09 Trade balance 1. 64 -185108. 22 XXXIX Import 0. 50 206664. 33 Export 12919. 84 Import 0. 82 163716. 51 Trade balance -150796. 67 Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Afghanistan Total 5. 70 83. 92 5762. 35 1330. 92 28741. 14 0. 40 22. 64 21278. 32 1322. 06 229288. 25 5. 3 61. 28 -15515. 97 8. 86 -2005474 9. 83 66. 98 4814. 02 1101. 02 222. 67 19134. 36 274. 91 24393. 20 1672. 75 29. 67 190087. 04 -207. 93 -19579. 18 -571. 73 193 170952. 68 2. 7. Export and Imports by Accounts, 2008-09 Export and import of 2008-09 by accounts are as follows: Table 2. 18: Export and Imports by Accounts, 2008-09 Institution Export Private Government *Semi-Govt.

Total Import Private Government *Semi-Govt Others Total Consumer goods 947757 438 948195 142573 494 13012 156079 Materials for Consumer goods 104755 347 8411 113513 1044218 1093 149078 1194389 Capital goods 4204 684 4888 207327 814 208141 (Value in million taka) Materials for Total Capital goods 30 8366 8396 21864 425 22289 1056746 1469 16777 1074992 1415982 2826 162090 1580898 *Semi- Govt. (Autonomous, Nationalized& Corporation) 2. 8. Summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade A summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade during the last 30 years is given below: Table 2. 20: Summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade (million taka) Year 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 Export 6670. 1 7178. 2 9631. 8 10996. 6 11484. 1 12887. 0 Import 13992. 9 18216. 3 22073. 4 30524. 37287. 5 38729. 4 Balance -7322. 9 -11038. 1 -12441. 6 -19528. 3 -25803. 4 -25842. 4 XL 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 18015. 6 20135. 6 26225. 1 27396. 2 33682. 1 41161. 1 42686. 1 51415. 2 60272. 0 74197. 8 88214. 8 98739. 2 136970. 0 144521. 0 171554. 0 45264. 8 50873. 5 68262. 9 62929. 6 68496. 1 91588. 2 95075. 2 113305. 0 111876. 8 132755. 9 138198. 3 137540. 3 218564. 0 254646. 0 290187. 0 -27249. 3 -30737. 9 -42037. 7 -35533. 4 -34813. 9 -50427. 1 -52389. 0 -61889. 8 -51604. 8 -58558. 2 -49983. 4 -38801. 1 -81594. 0 -110125. 0 -118633. 0 Table 2. 0: Summary of Export, Import and Balance of Trade ( Million taka) Year 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Export 229408. 0 245619. 9 247415. 3 306476. 5 302119. 2 337885. 0 437097. 7 532831. 0 Import 318916. 0 341016. 6 372021. 9 436948. 6 518443. 1 506200. 2 630362. 6 769954. 0 Balance -89508. 0 -95396. 7 -124606. 4 -130472. 1 -216323. 9 -168315. 2 -193264. 9 -237123. 0 XLI 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 691950 850309 985931 1074992 962345 1118664 1496722 1580898 -270395 -268355 -510791 -505906 2. 9. Export and Import of Commodities by Section Export And Import of Commodities by Section during 2007-08 and 2008-09 are given bellow: Table 2. 1: Export and Import of Commodities by Section (Million Taka) Section Commodity 2007-08 Export 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Live animal; Animal products Vegetable products Animal/veget fat/oil, edible fat, wax Prepare food, beverage, spirit, tobacco Mineral products Product Chemical or allied industry Plastic, rubber and articles thereof Raw hide and skin, leather, fur skin Wood and articles, wood, cork, basket Pulp wood, celiulosic, paper/board Textile and textile articles Footwear, headgear, umbrellas, feather Articlestone, plaster, cement, glass Natural/cultured pearl, precious stone Base metals and articles base metal Machine/mechanic appl, electric equip Vehicle, aircraft, vessel/trans. equip.

Optical, photographic, surgical instr Arms ammunition and parts thereof Miscellaneous manufactured articles Work of art, collectors pieces TOTAL : 48052 11871 180 4322 133054 9698 3939 20504 541 4187 820823 16433 3043 965 7502 9574 7263 1540 35 2001 408 985931 Import 14471 133949 135328 43254 162583 138315 61361 3727 4750 29942 315399 4433 5258 735 90962 241068 88440 11298 1918 9394 137 1496722 2008-09 Export 30496 8495 305 5678 17660 13394 3923 13642 367 1937 936165 17027 2399 470 4759 4743 9968 1136 2 1953 23 1074992 Import 20632 95433 126496 37128 195959 153850 61383 3273 5148 31142 345068 5104 5922 958 115712 250240 100602 14893 744 11189 20 1580898 XLII 2. 10. Direction of Trade by Area and Country Direction of Trade by Area and Country is mentioned bellow: Table -2. 2 : Direction of Trade by Area and Country (Value in taka) 2008-09 COUNTRY BY AREA Export GRAND TOTAL NORTH AMERICA 016 CANADA 033 GREENLAND 066 UNTD STATES MID. AMERICA CARIBBEAN 102 ANTIGUA 105 BAHAMAS 108 BARBADOS 111 BELIZE 114 BERMUDA 117 CAYMAN ISLDS 120 COSTA RICA 123 CUBA 126 DOMINICA 129 DOMINICAN REP 132 EL SALVADOR 134 GRENADA 137 GUADELOUPE I 140 GUATEMALA 143 HAITI 146 HONDURAS 149 JAMAICA 152 MARTINIQU 155 MEXICO 158 MONTSERRAT 161 NETH. . ANTILES 162 ARUBA 164 NICARAGUA 166 PANAMA 172 PUERTO RICO 175 S. K. T. ANGUILA 178 ST. LUCIA 181 ST. VINCENT 184 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 187 TURKS AND CA 190 BR. VIRGIN ISLAND 193 U. S. VIRGIN ISLAND 198 MD.

AME CARA SOUTH AMERICA 206 ARGENTINA 212 BOLIVIA 218 BRAZIL 224 CHILE 1074992250413 293297350226 41517679103 2517796711223 6779404779 9013672 718792 7058924 1930639 56655675 18342636 1198538 19860948 17621658 1677013 16532948 194823805 49242104 71852980 13574318 5740521785 48605028 31933391 445991490 17460712 5533262 8808849 445603 6264729663 321045698 1819672 4756745849 510529622 Import 1580897500003 63542502576 27555959134 35986543442 2811720679 7880125 759839 4447692 2588322 862309 113608791 5540649 283401829 2203243 3240558 375811614 185215830 772276398 14259 493246139 7079 811317 270032297 361779 4114 130950268 32221449 1046422 2690208 57053271751 23511247689 1429064 32696361058 108990327 XLIII Table -2. 22: Direction of Trade by Area and Country (Value in taka) 2008-09 COUNTRY BY AREA 230 COLOMBIA 237 ECUADOR 243 FALKLAND ISL. 249 FRENCH GUIANA 255 GUYANA 261 PARAGUAY 268 PERU 274 SURINAM 280 URUGUAY 286 VENEZUELA WEST EUROPE 303 ANDORRA 305 SLOVENIA 307 AUSTRIA 310 BELGIUM 314 DENMARK 317 FAEROE ISLANDS 321 FRANCE 324 FED REP OF GERMANY. 328 GIBRALTAR 331 GREECE 335 VATICAN CITY HOLY SEE 338 ICELAND 342 IRELAND 345 ITALY 349

LIECHTENSTEN 353 LUXEMBOURG 356 MALTA 360 MONACO 363 NETHERLANDS 367 NORWAY 370 PORTUGAL 374 SAN MARINO 377 SPAIN 381 SALBARD ISL 384 SWEDEN 388 SWITZERLAND 391 UNTD KINGDOM EAST EUROPE 405 AZERBAIJAN 406 ARMENIA 407 ALBANIA 409 BELARUS 414 BULGARIA 417 KIRGHIZISTN 424 CROATIA 428 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 430 SLOVAKIA 432 ESTONIA EXPORT 165487943 11105550 1107508 14973159 295013106 800916 83637768 102462872 510612601246 8624527 224707669 2433981453 24664269600 10804664809 65232092783 141982108585 2806473737 11549669 6376146681 39209954558 88832 40985676 152211 62426325679 2570486128 2138019463 38033452170 13779510505 4716676250 93148777244 15893660103 12027714 23345606 11295753 112192055 120696743 19877895 103003039 1296749416 2758659930 41152462 IMPORT 25906181 407053678 23371 46227332 487125 57018661 14237799 165323469 18103120 134260987014 21613079 65908684 7721538062 5242924269 5064521737 11182078978 42602527036 2025541 467264623 1945765 73294959 205133174 16191449062 47788463 35733166 12446977 8358 5169170142 3029906638 298779000 7907390169 51239 7951291371 10123623607 10815572915 50804533369 5329669 146442 2350041371 385062478 24575723 229317315 1112067955 266112338 2237551 XLIV Table -2. 22: Direction of Trade by Area and Country (Value in taka) COUNTRY BY AREA 433 LITHUANNIA 435 FINLAND 444 GEORGIA 445 SOUTH GEORGIA 449 HUNGARY 452 LATVIA 454 MACEDONIA 455 MOLDOVA 456 POLAND 463 ROMANIA 470 UKRAINE 477 RUSSIA & CIS 482 BOSNIA HERG 484 YUGOSLAVIA 498 OTHER EAST EUROPE MD.

EAST & NORTH AFRICA 507 AFGHANISTAN 510 BAHRAIN 514 CYPRUS 516 DJIBOUTI 517 EGYPT 521 ETHIOPIA 522 ERITREA 524 PALESTINE 528 IRAN 531 IRAQ 535 NEW ISRAEL 538 JORDAN 540 KAZAKISTAN 542 KUWAIT 545 LEBANON 549 LIBY ARAB RP 556 OMAN 560 PAKISTAN 563 QATAR 567 SAUDI ARABIA 570 SOMALIA 574 SUDAN 577 SYRIAN ARB. 579 TAJIKISTAN 581 TURKEY 582 TURKMENISTAN 584 UNTD ARAB EM 586 UZBEKISTAN 591 YEMEN OTHER AFRICA 602 ALGERIA 604 ANGOLA 606 BOTSWANA 608 BURUNDI 2008-09 EXPORT 73966245 1518265439 11883280 910989469 41103456 6480295 8460204 3993584883 847281296 1349230681 2611812318 16243146 5085776 45535637664 222672548 143274460 60446500 24368595 849705234 166929024 2820897132 6455324 1301876 177981031 45033142 879304407 325790201 07792216 45067171 4814021487 641345367 4994451412 49689119 3860464907 1200988338 10212500 20273374401 291757 3478733180 227238849 107806486 4736330165 179904560 14y3505666 IMPORT 11150200 4736494023 155324642 592329742 73450806 67069 506043 2446600421 2907927958 15670334959 16476296782 60621143 2148117828 1150420911 199337980556 29670191 226907211 25158173 3803104 3964132517 85355250 1880762 5347269728 126915375 44769 211871352 550373305 71643831484 130921381 838221040 24393196831 6708365481 22092008937 3889138 555404305 63205497 181223377 9064366374 4123576014 19218976901 29700338762 47073297 20476287505 569711313 5790933 12096595 XLV Table -2. 22 : Direction of Trade by Area and Country (Value in taka)

COUNTRY BY AREA 610 UNTD. RP. CAMR 612 CAPE VERD ISLAND 614 CEN. AFRICA REP. 616 CHAD 618 COMOROS ISLD 620 CONGO 622 DAHOMEY( BENIN ) 624 EQ. GUINE 627 GABON 628 GAMBIA 630 GHANA 632 GUINEA 635 GUINEABISSAU 637 IVORY COAST 639 KENYA 641 LESOTHO 643 LIBERIA 645 MADAGASCAR 647 MALAWI 649 MALI 651 MAURITANIA 653 MAURITIUS 655 MOROCCO 657 MOZAMBIQUE 659 NAMIBIA 661 NIGER 663 NIGERIA 665 REUNION ISLAND 667 RHODESIA(ZIMBABWE) 669 ROWANDA 670 SAINT HELENA 672 SAO TOMI PRN 674 SENEGAL 676 SEYCHELLES 678 SIERRA LEONE 680 SOUTH AFRICA 682 SWAZILAND 684 UNTD. RP. TANZ 686 TOGO 688 TUNISIA 690 UGANDA 692 BURKINO FASO 696 ZAMBIA SOUTH ASIA 717 BHUTAN 723 BR. IND. OC.

TR 729 BRUNEI 734 MYANMAR 746 INDIA 752 INDONESIA 2008-09 EXPORT 48144268 38980193 5756754 25784022 16859556 115419701 25283148 16508039 18007912 216915164 91053570 36261746 17205190 30885340 44760569 129292837 28339723 4391732 2787812 196315198 16416577 3549810 34845222 5151978 64198730 2779302027 137983338 42702431 16176061 103703264 72018873 8227807 26763776210 354703 7418925 517041137 12919841423 1445528613 IMPORT 339658002 59058050 500861845 3346287 1871255 471909807 3214159 101841782 130409392 57558027 44733272 563074674 226891765 4695443 59059795 304549066 417202829 43663421 84195324 4992415697 84742794 33097753 1191467958 9344023 420378791 2917743 847378 5515 186275685 52792264 34738270 2975696328 1016692836 113591192 496014659 3591913766 330097892 393784244 544079781 468531471709 824902 2738493 24118702 6162333374 163716513336 91560495398 XLVI Table -2. 22 : Direction of Trade by Area and Country (Value in taka)

COUNTRY BY AREA 758 MALAYSIA 764 MALDIVES 769 NEPAL 775 SINGAPORE 781 SRI LANKA 783 EAST TIMOR 787 THAILAND EAST ASIA 807 CAMBODIA 814 CHINA 821 HONG KONG 828 JAPAN 835 KOREA DEMO 842 KOREA REP. 849 LAOS 856 MACAU 863 MONGOLIA 870 PHILIPPINES 877 TAIWAN 884 VIETNAM D RP OCEANIA 902 AMERICAN SAM 905 AUSTRALIA 908 Br. ANTR. Terr. 911 SOLOMON ISLA923 914 BOUVET ISLAND 920 CHRISTMAS ISLAND 923 COCOS ISLAND 926 CRISTMAS ISLAND 927 COCOS ISLANDS 928 COOK ISLANDS 929 FIJI 932 FR. POLYNESIA 940 GUAM 943 HEARD MCDON ISLAND 948 KIRIBATI 950 MICRONESA-FS 952 NAURU 955 NEW CALEDONE 958 VANUATU (N. HEBRID) 961 NEW ZEALAND 964 NIUE ISLAND 972 PAPUA N. GUIN 975 PITCAIRN ISLAND 982 TOKELAU 983 TOVALU 990 WALLIS-FUT I 993 SAMUA 996 MAR.

SLAND 999 OTHER COUNTRIES 2008-09 EXPORT 2412881561 9833285 66977920 5626576493 1101021625 8459638 2647840887 37176132497 101437550 5819505340 7473046183 13035911546 7922227 6277132492 3064071 2236551 113821877 1408561964 1482921979 1450570717 127932627860 5871420656 101041262360 5711996 IMPORT 61780429370 2020 274911605 90864406550 1672748526 45983897345 556508287091 57096152 272857957461 67692333985 89063624089 1544165365 71916583527 41576780 102643 7986282384 39292338252 6056126454 27570457753 79769242 17739542282 7170544 39645 2391475 4906837 3000 58066204 342606 67888502 8146877 56522 2439566050 6928098 6079516 382306135 42667 2027803 83729244 4721839 6676732665 1511053 7461173 1112067 863353 55624 2525020 587124 2744631 379635915 107512885 2310881 647502 20505756096 XLVII

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