The theories of Freud. Adler. and Jung are considered authoritative theories because of theirhistorical significance and fullness ( Nystul. M. S. . 2006 p. 202 ) . These work forces have had a huge influence on the art of guidance ( Nystul. M. S. . 2006 ) . These psychologists differed on their beliefs of dreams as in many other beliefs. Freud and Jung believed that dreams had ameaning ; Alder believed that dreams told how a individual was populating.
Freud’s Dream BeliefsFreud wrote that dreams contained both manifest and latent content. The manifest content is the stuff that the dreamer is cognizant in associating the inside informations of the dream. The manifest content is a camouflage for the true significance of the dream. or the latent content. which is comprised of unconscious sexual and aggressive wants and phantasies unacceptable to the witting self-importance. These unconscious wants and phantasies find look in dreams. Consequently. Freud believed that the significance of dreams is about ever wish fulfilment. To detect the significance of dreams. Freud used a procedure of free association. inquiring his patients to free associate to assorted dream symbols. Constantly. he found symbols to be related to sexual or aggressive subjects ( Gardner. M. 1995. p. 11 ) .
Jung’s Dream BeliefsJung differed from Freud in that he believed that dreams can uncover other subjects besides aggression and gender. Harmonizing to Jung. dreams can besides uncover archetypical stuff. creativeness. and a thrust toward individualization. Jung viewed the manifest content of dreams as non being camouflages but being metaphors ( Van De Castle. 1994 ) . The psyche’s libido is a more general signifier of energy which pulls us toward individualization. a procedure of developing greater penetration in one’s inner ego. Dreams reveal stuff from either the personal unconscious or the corporate unconscious. the beginning of originals.
Jung’s attack to woolgather reading involved elaboration. the procedure of inquiring the dreamer to concentrate on assorted symbols in the dream and supply as many associations as possible about the peculiar symbol ; whereas Freud used free association to hold the dreamer create a concatenation of associations get downing with the dream symbol. Dream symbols could stand for an existent individual in the dreamer’s life or a portion of his or her mind. Amplification includes geographic expedition of feelings connected to woolgather images. cultural significances of dream images. and possible archetypical significances of the dream images such as the mandala stand foring the original of the ego ( Van De Castle. 1994 ) . Jung besides encouraged the dreamer to utilize active imaginativeness. live overing the dream and leting it to go on in witting imaginativeness.
Adler’s dream BeliefsAdler viewed the personality as being holistic ; the witting and unconscious are non separate. He did non put every bit much focal point on dream reading as did Freud and Jung. although he believed that dreams provided penetration into one’s life style and societal involvement. In peculiar. Adler noted the significance of perennial dreams as keys to understanding life challenges and their alone significance for the person. Alder is best known for his theory of personality ( Nystul. M. S. 2006 ) .
Decision
These work forces have been criticized for their work ; they have even criticized each others theories. They belonged to a psychoanalytic group but their differences in theory made them travel on their ain. The authoritative psychological theories of Sigmund Freud. Alfred Adler. and Carl Jung have laid the foundation for modern clinical pattern ( Nystul. M. S. 2006. p174 ) . Their work has laid the foundation for many virtue plans and surveies in psychological science.
Mentions
Gardner. Martin ( 1995. November ) . Waking up from Freud’s theory of dreams. The Disbelieving Inquirer. 19 ( 6 ) . 10. Retrieved January 10. 2007. from ProQuest Psychology Journals database. ( Document ID: 8671329 ) .
Nystul. M. S. ( 2006 ) . Introduction to Reding An Art and Science Prespective 3rd Edition. Boston: Pearson.
Van De Castle. R. ( 1994 ) . Our Dreaming Mind. New York: Ballantine Books.