Chapter 9

Chapter 9 The Campaign For Reforms (1882-1892) 1872-date when violate events happened that led to significant developments in colonial Phil. Filipinos started to air their complaints through: -writings -Speeches -organized societies -artworks Propaganda Movement (1882)-reform movement Cortes-Spanish lawmaking body Assimilation- process of making the Phil. A province of Spain, granting of Spanish citizenship to Filipinos, allow the Indios to be finally called Filipinos The important Filipino reformists were: 1. Garciano Lopez Jaena-great orator 2. Jose Rizal-great thinker and writer 3. Marcelo H. del Pilar-great political analyst and journalist Others are: Jose Maria PAnganiban, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Eduardo de Lete Graciano Lopez Jaena -Fray Botod -first editor of the La Solidaridad (Solidarity) Aims of the Newspaper -to fight reaction -to stop all efforts to keep the Phil . A backward country -to extol liberal ideas -to defend progress Spanish writers who are anti-Filipino -Pablo Feced -Wenceslao E. Petana *Pearl Of The Orient Demands Of the Filipino reformists: -representation in the Spanish Cortes -the right to vote -freedom of speech, of assembly, and of the press, -freedom of commerce -the removal of the friars from the Philippines because they were the obstacle to progress -the education of the people -reforms in the jails of the country -the abolition of the diezmos prediales or the tithe consisting of the one tenth of the produce of the land. Cause of death: hunger and illness Date of Death: Jan. 20, 1896 Place of Death: Barcelona, Spain Jose Rizal -the most brilliant of the Filipinos during his time (Calamba, Laguna——June 19, 1861) 1. Noli Me Tangere (Touch me Not)–the novel he wrote at the age of 26 2. El Felibusterismo (The Rebel) La liga Filipina-patriotic society w/c was suspectedof uniting the people and preparing the Filipinos for revolution. Executed in: Bagumbayan Field (Dec. 30, 1896) Marciano Lopez Jaena -greatest journalist produced by the purely Filipino Race -Cupang, Bulacan (8/30/1850) -Diaryong Tagalog (Tagalog-Spanish) Two Famous Books He Had wrote: *spanish 1. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Sovereignty in the Philippines) 2. La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in the Philippines) *Tagalog 1. Caiingat Cayo 2. Dasalan at Toksohan 3. Kadakilaan ng Dios 4. Sagot ng Espana sa Hibik ng Pilipinas Date Of Death: July 4, 1896 Cause of Death: Tuberculosis (heavy work/lack of proper work) ——————————————————————————- Nilad-Masonic lodge in Manila Walana-masonic lodge founded by women The Aims of La Liga: -to unite the whole archipelago -to give mutual protection of all members in case of necessity -to encourage agriculture, commerce, and education -to defend members aginst any kind of violence and injustice -to study and apply reforms ————————————————- Cuerpo de Compromisarious (Body of Compromisers)-another patriotic society after La liga. Chapter 10 Bonifacio and the Katipunan 1892-the struggle changed from reform to revolution Katipunan-the revolutionary society responsible for the Phil. Revolution of 1896 July 7, 1892-the night when K. K. K. (Kataastasang Kagalanggalangang na Katipunan ng mag Anak ng Bayan) Blood compact- botherhood/kapatiran Triangle Method-way of recruiting members w/ less danger Primary Objectives of the Katipunan: civic objective -Principle of self help political objective -independence from the colony Moral objective -teaching of good manners, hygiene, good moral characters 3 governing bodies: 1. Kataastaasang Sanggunian/Supreme Council *central 2. Sangguniang Bayan/Provincial Council *provincial 3. Sangguniang Balangay/Popular Council *municipal Judicial council/Sangguniang Hukuman- judgment for the violators where given Secret Chambers- Boni+Emi J+Pio V -sentence the members who exposed the secrets of the Katipunan Deodato Arellano- first Supreme Council Membership: 1st grade-katipon (Anak ng Bayan) 2nd grade-kawal (Gom-Bur-Za) 3rd grade-bayani(Rizal)