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Ch.5 learning

learningRelatively permanent change in behavior about by experience

Nature vs. nurturenature- is genesnurture- human environment

maturation

habitutationdecreases in response to a stimulus

Basics of classical conditioningIvan Pavlovbefore conditioningDuring conditioningAfter conditioning

Jhon B. WatsonHuman behaviorex. ringing of the bell

Little AlbertHuman behaviorex.

extinctionounce when previously conditioned response decrease in frequency and diaper

spontaneous recoveryReemergence of an extinguished condition

Genrealization vs. Discrimination

Stimulus Generalization

Stimulus Discrimination

Law of effect- ThorndikeResponses that lead to stratifying consequences are more likely to be repeated

Skinner Box- B. F. Skinner

ReinforcementProcess in which a stimulus increase the probability that preceding will be repeated.

Reinforceany stimulus increased the probability that proceeding behavior will occur again.

Make up term systemused in treatment of psychological disorders

primary reinforcesstratifying biological need and words naturally regardless of a person previous experience.

secondary reinforcesstimulus that become reinforcing because of its association with primary reinforce

positive reinforcesstimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a proceeding response.

Nagative Reinforces

Punishmentstimulus that decrease the probability that a prior behavior will occur again

Poistive Punishment Addition of somethingweakens a response through the application of an unpleasant

Negative punishmentRemoval of somethingex. Pro and Cons

Why reinforcement beats punishmentFormalized technique for promoting the frequency of desireable behaviors and decreasing the incident of unwanted ones

Schedules of ReinforcementDifferent pattern of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired behavior

continuous scheduleReinforcing of a behavior every time it occurs

Partial intermittent reinforcement scheduleReinforces of a behavior some but bot all the time

variable Ratio Scheduleoccurs after varying number of responses rather than a fixed number.

fixed interval scheduleProvides reinforcement for a response only after a fixed time period has elapsedex. overall rates of response relatively low

Variable interval scheduletime between reinforcement varies around some average rather than being fixed.

Fixed ratio scheduleReinforcement is given only a specific number of responses are made.

Behavioral modificationformalized technique for promoting the frequency of desireable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones

cognitive learning theorystudy of learning that focuses on the thought process that underlie learning

latent learningNew behavior is not demonstration until some incentive is provided for displaying it.

cognitive mapmental representation of special location and directions

observational learninglearning by observing the behavior of another person or model

Albert Bandurasocial cognitive approach

psychologist use the term to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experiencelearning

Who is associated with the study of classical conditioningIvan Pavlov

what is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elict the same response naturallyclassical conditioning

what are some examples of responses learned through classical conditioningexperimental foot steps

occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency what the cs is presented in the abences of the UCSextinction

operant conditioning most importantly involves forming assossications betweenmoderate behavior and consequences

classical conditioning applies mostly to blank behaviorexisting

operant conditioning is to blank new behaviornew

The root of operant conditioning may be traces to blank early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cagesThorndike

Responses that lead to stratifying consequences are more likely to be repeated. This is the law ofeffect

what is a skinner boxis a laboratory apparatus used to study animal and behavior

Perhaps the most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning wasskinner

The process by which a stimulus increases the like hood that a preceding behavior will be repeated is calledreinforcement

Reinforces that satisfy biological need are called blank reinforcesprimary

One reason Richard continues to work at his job is the check he receives every two weeks. Richard paycheck is blank reinforcepositive/ secondary

negative reinforcementleads to increase in the probability of a behavior

positive punishmentaddition of something/ weakens a response through application of an unpleasant

schedules of reinforcementdifferent pattern of frequency and timing or reinforcement following desire behavior

Bandura” s bobo doll experiment were intended to demonstrateobservational learning

observational learning

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