Assignment 3b: short-answer questions overview

Assignment 3b: Short-answer Questions Overview… 2. Compare and contrast overweight and obesity. What health problems are associated with each? An adult who has a BMI between 25 and 29. 9 is considered overweight. An adult who has a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions which include hypertension, dyslipidemia (for example, high total cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides) type 2 diabete coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems and some cancers (” Overweight and Obesity”, CDC)
3. Explain the connection between heredity and obesity. What is the role of diet? How can one prevent obesity in adults?
Heredity plays a large role in obesity. Genes can influence how the body burns calories for energy and how the body stores fat. What people eat and their level of physical activity help determine whether they will gain weight (” Overweight and Obesity”, CDC). Overweight can be prevented in adults by eating a balanced diet and by proper exercise.
4. Differentiate between weight loss and weight control.
Weight loss is a decrease in body weight resulting from either voluntary (diet, exercise) or involuntary (illness) circumstances (” Definition of Weight loss”, Medicinet. com). Weight control is controlling the gain of weight by food habits, lifestyle and exercise.
5. Why are some weight-loss methods considered dangerous?
Some weight loss methods are dangerous because they can lead to depletions in protein and other substances in the body which can actually be harmful (” Definition of Weight loss”, Medicinet. com). Some methods of weight loss use administration of drugs like laxatives and herbs which can have their own side effects including affecting renal function.
6. Create a chart that identifies symptoms, features, effect overtime, cause, and treatment for the following disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, pica, pagophagia, amylophagia, and plumbism.
Disease
Symptoms
Features
Effect overtime
Cause
Treatment
Anorexia nervosa
Control body weight by voluntary starvation, purging, vomiting, excessive exercise, or other weight control measures, such as diet pills or diuretic drugs
Low body weight and body image distortion with an obsessive fear of gaining weight.
Malnutrition
Depression
Suicidal tendencies
Genetic
Psychologic
Socio-environmental
Psychotherapy
Restore weight gain
Bulimia nervosa
Recurrent binge eating followed by feelings of guilt, depression, and self-condemnation and intentional purging to compensate for the excessive eating, usually to prevent weight gain
Recurrent episodes of binge eating and recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain at least once a week for three months with self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
Malnutrition
Obesity and side effects
Multiorgan dysfunction
Peptic ulcer
Psychological
Psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy.
Binge eating
Episodes of uncontrollable overeating
Try to hide this behaviour from others, and often feel ashamed or depressed about their overeating
Obesity and side effects
Usually not a mental disorder
Advice on eating
Pica
Appetite for non-nutritive substances like coal, soil, chalk, paper, etc.
Persist for more than one month, at an age where eating such objects is considered developmentally inappropriate.
Lead poisoning
Parasites
Gastrointestinal obstruction
Biochemical deficiency
Iron deficiency
Hookworm infection.
Psychosocial, environmental, and family guidance approaches
Pagophagia
Compulsive consumption of ice.
–
–
Nutritional deficiency
Responds to iron supplementation
Amylophagia
Compulsive consumption of excessive amounts of purified starch like corn starch
–
–
Often seen in pregnancy.
Combination of biochemical, hematological, psychological, and cultural factors.
–
Plumbism
Lead poisoning
Decreased IQ and behavioral problems.
Iron deficiency anemia
Asymptomatic in many cases
Unrealised consumption of lead in the form of paints and other lead derived products
Treat anemia
Chelation therapy

7. Diabetes has two main types with unique causes. Identify the types, cause, risk factor, and treatment for each. What typical individual would you expect has each type?

8. What is the glycemic index? What relationship to blood glucose and carbohydrate type can be connected with this index?
The glycemic index of a food is defined by the area under the two hour blood glucose response curve following the ingestion of a fixed portion of carbohydrate (usually 50 g).
Glycemic index is a ranking system for carbohydrates based on their effect on blood glucose levels. It compares available carbohydrates gram for gram in individual foods, providing a numerical, evidence-based index of postprandial (post-meal) glycemia (“ Diabetes.”)
9. What is heart disease? What is the connection between diet and heart disease?
Heart disease is a number of abnormal conditions affecting the heart and the blood vessels in the heart, the most common of which is affectation of coronary arteries. Improper diet can lead to deposition of cholesterol plaques inside the coronary arteries, causing myocardial ischemia.
10. Compare and contrast HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and their relationships to health.
LDL is considered as the bad cholesterol. It can slowly build up in the inner walls of the arteries that feed the heart and brain and together with other substances, it can form plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible. This is known as atherosclerosis.
HDL cholesterol is known as the good cholesterol. High levels of HDL seem to protect against heart attack and low levels of HDL (less than 40 mg/dL) also increase the risk of heart disease (“ LDL and HDL Cholesterol”).
.
References
“ Diabetes.” American Diabetes association. 1st November, 2007 “ LDL and HDL Cholesterol: Whats Bad and Whats Good?” American Heart Association. 1st November, 2007 http://www. americanheart. org/presenter. jhtml? identifier= 180
“ Overweight and Obesity.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1st November, 2007 .