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Ap psychology-learning; ch 8

association learninglearning that certain events occur together. Events may be two stimuliclassical conditioningPavlov; type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. Natural stimulus taht signals on unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus (US) ONAP PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING; CH 8 SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUFOR ONLY$13. 90/PAGEOrder Nowoperant conditioninga type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisherbehaviorismthe view that psychology 1. should be an objective science that 2. studies behavior without refrence to mental processesunconditioned stimulus (UCS)in classical conditioning, stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically triggers a responseunconditioned response (UCR)in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditionally stimulusconditioned response (CR)in classical conditioning, the unlearned , naturally occurring response to the unconditionally stimulus (UCS)conditioned stimulus (CS)in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), come to trigger a conditioned responseneutral stimulus (NS)stimulus which initially produces no specific response other that focusing attentionacquisitioninitial stage in classical conditioning, the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. in operant conditioning the strengthening of a reinforced responsecontingencyan event that may occur but that is not likely or intended; a possibilityrespondent behaviorbehavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; ie classical conditioninglaw of effectThorndike; principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequence become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likelyshapingan operant conditioning procedure in which reinforces guide behavior toward closer and closer approximates of a desired goaldeprivation vs satiationplanning for a state of mind deprivation can increase the effectiveness of a reinforcementreinforcementin operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it followsprimary reinforceran innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological needconditioned reinforcera stimulus that gains it’s reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as secondary reinforcerscontinuous reinforcementreinforcing the desired response every time it occurspartial reinforcementreinforcing a response only part the rime, results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction that does continuous reinforcementfixed-interval schedulein operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsedvariable-interval schedulein operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable timesfixed-ratio schedulein operant conditioning, schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of repsnsesvariable-ration schedulein operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of a responsespunishmentdecreases behavior, opposite to that of a reinforcementlatent learninglearning that occurs but isn’t apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate itover justification effecteffect of promising a reward for doing what one was already likes to dointrinsic motivationa desire to perform a behavior for its own sake to be effectiveextrinsic motivationa desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effectivemirror neuronsfrontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing sonegative reinforcementRemoval of a stimulus after a particular response to increase the likelihood that the response will recureaversion therapyuses principle from behavioral psychology to help reduce or eliminate unwanted behaviorSIBISself injuring behavior inhibiting systems an apparatus used as a treatment method to stop self harm

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