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Case Study, 10 pages (2500 words)

Abstract— at a higher data rate. it also

Abstract— In the last few years, in real time scenario many people are away from hospital location.

They may be aged patients, independent living person etc. These independent patients have to be dependent on self healthcare monitoring system to take care of their health. However, a patient needs to be monitored even after getting outside of the hospital for some days until the patient gets cured completely. Such an aim could not be achieved using zigbee since it is a short distance communication and is not able to update the details frequently because of its low processing speed. Hence the transmission medium is replaced by Internet of Things which is capable of transmitting the data at a longer distance and at a higher data rate. It also auto updates the data for every 30 seconds if we needed.

The scope of the work is extended in such a way that after receiving the health parameters of the patients, the doctor is able to alert the patients to take necessary treatment and this is done using Internet. This paper focus to identify patient’s critical situations at the time of their emergency. A quick intervention coordinates to specialist in nearby healthcare centre. Keywords—Internet of Things; sensor; security; Health monitoring; I. INTRODUCTIONIn current scenario increasing number of healthcare sensing devices monitors patient’s health. During emergency time, the patient’s are monitored by their health devices in self monitoring manner. Researchers are performed using aged people disease data worldwide.

The patient uses portable devices that collect information to processes from wearable devices. Patient data’s are collected by wearable sensor can be used to forecast an increased risk of a potentially harmful health condition and alert healthcare providers based on intervention might be needed. These patient histories are stored from various environments. In hospitals there are providing continuous patient healthcare monitoring. Their ECGs, heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature are continuously monitored.

There is no delivery to check the parameters when they return to home. And hence there is a chance that the disease may return again. The emergency responses are delivered as output based on criticality of the patient.

Internet of Things coupled with mobile devices, are applicable to reinforce self observation of sickness while not the necessity of travel for expensive medical treatments. This encourages most of the old age independent patients and physically challenge patients to self monitor themselves without depending on others. These systems  targets the transmission of multiple information from a hospital information data using communication technology to make  interactive model that links patient’s medical wearable devices to Smartphone’s of family care givers to enhance the standard of patient self-care by motivating patients to adopt healthy behaviors by increasing independent monitoring without others support. This could enhance the standard of patient self-care monitoring. There are so many people in the world whose health could suffer as a result of they do not have correct medicine to hospitals and health observation. Because of new technology, little wireless solutions that are connected to the IoT will create it possible to monitor patients remotely rather than visiting the physical hospital. Different kinds of sensors that are connected to the body of a patient can be used to get health data knowledge firmly securely, and data can be collected analyzed and sent to the server using different transmission media through the Internet.

. II. LITERATURE SURVEYThe main goal of this paper to the exponentially growing healthcare costs coupled with the increasing interest of patients in receiving care in the comfort of their own homes have prompted a serious need to revolutionize healthcare system.

The existing work lack of the flexibility, scalability and energy efficiency. This study address this challenge by augmenting healthcare system with inexpensive but flexible and scalable pervasive technologies that long term remote health monitor. The Pervasive Patient Health Monitoring is based on integrated cloud computing and Internet of Things technologies. To demonstrate the suitable of the proposed infrastructure, a case study for real- time monitoring of a patient suffering from heart failure using ECG is presented. The experimental evaluation of the proposed Patient Health Monitoring is a flexible, scalable and energy efficiency remote patient health monitor system.

The increased use of mobile technologies and smart devices in the area of health caused impact on universe. Health experts are increasingly take the advantages of technologies brings together generating a significant improvement in healthcare monitoring system in clinical settings and out of them. The more number of users are being served from the advantages of mobile health application and healthcare support to improve, help their health. Applications that have a major for these users, so intuitive environment. The Internet of Things is increasingly allowing devices connecting to the Internet and provides information of patient health status.

And provide information in real time scenario to doctor assist. It is clear that diseases such as heart, pressure among others are remarkable in the world problem. The aim of this article is to develop an architecture based on ontology capable of monitoring the health and workout routine recommendations to patients. In this paper a patient healthcare monitoring system with mobile phone and web service capabilities.

It provides end to end solutions. Specifically, physiologic parameters are including respiration rate , heart rate are measured by sensors and recorded by a mobile phone which presents the graphical interface for the user to observe his/her health status more easily; it provides doctors and family members with necessary data through a web interface and enables authorized personnel to monitor the patient’s condition and to facilitate remote diagnosis; and it supports real-time alarming and positioning services during an urgent situation, such as a tumble or a heart attack, so that unexpected events can be handled in a timely manner. To meet the requirement of emergency situations, a Wi-Fi based localization method was proposed for indoor environment. Experimental results showed the stable performance of the proposed Remote Health Monitoring system. The main limitation was the system was capable of only real-time monitoring of the patients status, not professional analysis and instruction. Patient healthcare monitor represent most attractive application areas for the IoT. The IoT has the potential to offer rise to several  medical applications like remote health observance, chronic diseases, and older care. Compliance with treatment and medication at home and by healthcare providers is another important potential application.

Therefore varied medical devices, sensors and diagnostic and imaging devices are often viewed as good devices or objects constituting a core a part of the IoT. IoT based care service area unit expected to scale back prices, increase the standard of life and enrich the user’s expertise. From the attitude of healthcare suppliers, the IoT has the potential to scale back device time period through remote provision. IoT provides for the efficient scheduling of limited resources by ensuring their best use and service for patients. Ease of cost-effective interactions through seamless and secure connectivity across individual patients, clinics, and healthcare organizations is an important trend.

Up-to-date healthcare networks driven by wireless technologies are expected to support chronic diseases, early diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and medical emergencies. Gateways, medical servers, and health databases play vital roles in creating health records and delivering on-demand health services to authorize stakeholders. The use of smart watches for observation physical health aspects of dementedness patients can benfits formal home-based care, by providing formal caregivers with further, vital  important   information concerning important, health-related events that will have happened throughout the non-visit home care hours.

Smart watches able to automatically recognize the user’s activity state without the user pressing any button to mark the start or end time of the activity. Self-monitoring is that the use of sensors or tools that are readily available to the general to overall public to trace and record personal information. The sensors are typically wearable devices and also the tools are digitally available through mobile device applications. Self-monitoring devices was created for the purpose of allowing personal data to be instantly available to the individual to be analyzed.  Now, fitness and health monitoring are the most popular applications for self-monitoring devices. The biggest benefit to self-monitoring devices is the elimination of the necessity for third party hospitals to run tests, which are both expensive and lengthy.

These devices are an important advancement in the field of personal health management. Self-monitoring healthcare devices exist in many forms. This device is wearable on the wrist and allows one to set a personal goal for a daily energy burn. It records the calories burned and the number of steps taken for each day while simultaneously functioning as a watch. To add to the ease of the user interface, it includes both numeric and visual indicators of whether or not the individual has achieved his or her daily goal. Finally, it is also allows for tracking and sharing of personal record and achievements. Other monitoring devices have more medical relevance.

A well-known device of this type is the blood glucose monitor. The use of this device is restricted to diabetic patients and allows users to measure the blood glucose levels in their body. However, this device is not as independent of a self-monitoring device, because it requires some patient education before use. One needs to be able to make connections between the levels of glucose and the effect of diet and exercise. In addition, the users must also understand how the treatment should be adjusted based on the results.

In other words, the results are not just static measurements. III. EXISTING ISSUES FROM LITERATURE SURVEYThe health care monitoring system is performed using zigbee as a transmission medium. The transmitter section was designed using Arduino and the receiver section was designed using Raspberry-pi kit.

It is mainly deployed to monitor a patient under hospital environment only. The data transmission is the main role played in this case. In zigbee any problem occur compliant home appliances replacement cost will be high. Like different wireless systems, zigbee based mostly communication is liable to attack from unauthorized folks. The coverage is restricted and thus cannot be used as outside wireless communication system. It may be utilized in indoor wireless applications.

The coverage distance is very low in the case of zigbee and also possess low data rate. This doesn’t purpose that the factor should be physically connected to the web. The limitations of the IoT become obvious as presently jointly needs to integrate devices from numerous makers into one application or system. Let’s say however the Internet of Things can deal with these limitations, let’s consider in patient conditions critical in many cities around the world. It might prefer to digitally connect all the appliances in hospitals, so he/she is ready monitor, control, and improve the health condition using a single Web-based application. From the above literature survey there are many techniques to be incorporated and issues to be overcome.  There are still several future enhancements for self monitoring devices arerequired since communication gap for data transmission rate is very high. This is overcome by replacing with Internet of Things technology.

Although most of those wearable devices are glorious at providing direct knowledge to the individual user, the largest task that remains at hand is the way to effectively use this knowledge. IV. ARCHITECTUREOvercoming the issue, in existing system, based on literature survey, the PHMSIoT architecture is proposed. In this architecture the usage of wearable health monitoring device of recent technology is incorporated in IoT environment. These wearable devices are used to monitor pulse rate, heart rate, sugar, body temperature etc from every individual patient. The outputs of all wearable devices are sensed by Bluetooth sensor. The input phases are as follows •Multiple wearable devices from every individual patient•Sensor to sense data from wearable device•Sensed information from sensor fed into Mobile of individual patient•Mobile to gateway supply of information •Gateway to cloud storageThe data collected from sensor devices are stored in individual mobile devices.

The mobile app has the detailed medical related information about patients.  Every individual patient medical report are uploaded in through gateway. These information are stored in hospital database for which user ID and password provided for the individual to the patients.

So, the Middleware service are decomposed into different modules as follows•Collect Data Module•Analyse Module•Trigger Module•Action moduleCollect Data ModuleThe Data collect Module encompasses a  hospital database and filing system or storing all data employed in aid, like medical records, historical knowledge assortment from patient connected data. Analyse ModuleThe Analyse Module provides an internet interface for enabling users to manage all data regarding patients, medical records, and notifications through the Internet. These all the information data’s are communicated in the Internet. By mistreatment such associate interface, doctors will analyse current patient’s info collected by body based mostly notification that may inform them regarding vital conditions. Trigger ModuleThe Trigger Module visualizes current patient’s information collected by emergency notification that will inform critical condition message sends to doctor. A doctor will produce a trigger to identify his/her patient conditions. Action ModuleThe Action Module present if patients in critical condition they immediately sent emergency notification to specialist doctor (example ECG specialist, BP specialist).

The scope of the work is extended in such a way that after receiving the health parameters of the patients, the doctor is able to alert the patients to take necessary treatment or take necessary prescription message sent to patient. A quick intervention coordinates to specialist in nearby healthcare centre.   Fig 1: PHMSIoT Architecture Proposal V.

PROPOSAL OVERCOMING THE ISSUESThe health parameters of the patients are monitored using wireless sensors and the data is transmitted to the doctor through the Internet. This system is able to monitor a number of patients details are simultaneously even after they got discharge from hospital. And also auto update the patient details to the doctor through Internet. The patient data is transmitted through web and the doctor is able to alert the patients or their respective care takers if the patients need immediate medical attention. The web of things is able to serve as a secure and communicate for long distance transmission medium through the web service. The health parameters of all the patient details are updated to a specific website assigned only for IoT and is checked by the doctor frequently. It also auto updates the healthcare parameters for patients every time if we needed in the specified website.

An alert message notification is shipped to specialist doctor. If the patient health condition is critical doctor sent to prescription message or take necessary treatment in nearby health center. These all the information communicate through only Internet. VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTHeart Beat rate monitors are used as important tools for themeasurement of patient health. Because of this, portable heart rate monitors have become the most common method to measure the patient condition every second. Heart rate monitors has ranging from 60-100 bpm. Fig 2: Heart Beat RateThe normal sugar value ranges between 4.

0 to 6. 0 mmol/L  as measured by fasting up to 7. 8 mmol/L 2 hours after eating.

The normal blood sugar value for non diabetics should be range between 3. 9 to 5. 5 mmol/L.  Fig 3: Blood sugarThe Body Temperature for human range is 36. 5-37.

5 degree C.  A patients temperature may be alerted due to abnormal condition exposure to hot or cold. These all information are display the sensor and collect the information stored in hospital database. Fig 4: Body TemperatureVII. CONCLUSIONIoT based approach has been proposed many patients away from hospital location so they could not easily take care of their health. Sometimes patient going outdoor they could not monitor their health. So, overcome the issues we using wearable device.

Wearable device mostly used to monitor the patients details each and every second. This device monitors the patient health. We now face the challenge to provide health promoting applications for these devices. In this proposal current trend of self monitoring healthcare device using Internet of thing technology is incorporated to benefit independent, aged patient.

The system collects and monitors multiple patients’ details at the time of emergency. It collects all patients details and it analysis which patient in most critical condition. The ability to live activity through a spread of ways can alert patients to assume large management in their healthcare.

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